PT155 S1 Q18 ExplanationTo achieve the traditional hotness

Answer choices, explained

1. A

   Correct72% picked this

   It is light-sensitive pigment in fishes' eyes that makes it possible for them to see. Any one of a variety of pigments makes underwater

   Why this is right

   This has a good Conclusion match for "none of these Y's are crucial": No particular pigment is necessary. The Premise is not a strong structural match for, "If you do thing X, you'd never know which Y was the important one." But if we flexibly adjust how we were thinking about the Premise, we can make this match. The original premise could be interpreted to mean, "Any one of these hot spices can be added in sufficient quantities to make the hot sensation possible". And that would match with this Premise, "Any one of these pigments can make underwater vision possible". This argument certainly isn't a close enough match that we should pick it and not read the other answers, but this ends up being the best available match. And it's the only answer choice with a conclusion that resembles the original's, so it's a very effective time to use the Conclusion Shortcut that sometimes gives us quick eliminations on Parallel answer choices.

   Skill tested: Parallel · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   72%
2. B

   Bad Conclusion Match7% picked this

   Every country needs an adequate defense. But this can be overdone; no country that devotes the majority of its resources to the military can

   We peek at conclusions before we invest / waste any time in reading an answer. This Conclusion is a real bad match for "none of these Y's are crucial": Peacetime can't persist in any nation that does X. That claim is conditional, If a nation uses over then peacetime half its resources to → cannot persist support armed forces We could try to interpret the original conclusion as a conditional, traditional hot spice → not irreplaceable but they still don't feel like the same claim. The original is telling us that "none of these spices is crucial / necessary". This conclusion is saying, "For peacetime to persist, it is crucial / necessary that a nation use less than 1/2 its resources on the military."

   7%
3. C

   Bad Conclusion/Evidence Match4% picked this

   To receive a doctorate, a student must complete the required number of classes and write a dissertation. Therefore, any student who writes a dissertation

   This conclusion does not sound like "None of these Y's are crucial / irreplaceable". It's saying, "If you're A and B, then you're C". That's reason enough to bail. This argument is also doing an illegal reversal (aka Necessary vs. Sufficient flaw). The premise is Receive Dr → Complete Class and Write Diss The conclusion is Complete Class and Write Diss → Receive Dr

   4%
4. D

   Bad Conclusion Match12% picked this

   Attending a music concert is a far richer experience than listening to a recorded piece of music. When playing live, musicians often depart from

   This Conclusion is the polar opposite of saying "none of these Y's are irreplaceable". This conclusion is saying that "Each of these Y's is irreplaceable". There's no reason to read the rest of this with such a non-starter conclusion.

   12%
5. E

   Bad Conclusion Match4% picked this

   Good cooks always select their ingredients carefully, for they know that every delicious meal is made with high-quality ingredients. Therefore, no meal

   The original Conclusion was saying "none of these Y's are crucial / necessary", whereas this conclusion is saying "for a delicious meal, it is crucial / necessary that you have high-quality ingredients."

   4%