Brian: I used to eat cheeseburgers

Answer choices

1. A

   Not Inappropriate Appeal to Expert2% picked this

   treats a statement as established fact merely because a self-appointed expert

   This is referencing one of the 10 famous flaws, Inappropriate Appeal to a Dubious Expert. There is no self-appointed expert mentioned. The author definitely acted on an idea she read somewhere, but she never talks about someone who considers themselves an expert and whose opinion she treats as fact.

   2%
2. B

   Not Circular1% picked this

   draws a conclusion that merely restates a premise offered in support

   This is referencing one of the 10 famous flaws, Circular reasoning, in which a premise restates the conclusion or presumes its truth. These answers are almost always wrong. The conclusion is that "eating bread and meat in the same meal is unhealthy", and there is definitely not a premise that restates that claim ("interferes with digestion" ≠ "is unhealthy").

   1%
3. C

   Not Necessary vs. Sufficient2% picked this

   treats a condition that must occur in order for an effect to occur as a condition that would

   This is referencing the most common of the 10 famous flaws, Necessary vs. Sufficient, in which an author presents a conditional logic premise and then applies it in some illegal reversed or negated fashion. There was no conditional logic premise, so she can't be guilty of an illegal reversal or negation.

   2%
4. D

   Correct93% picked this

   concludes that one part of a change was responsible for an effect without ruling out the possibility that other parts

   Why this is right

   The author concludes that "discontinuing having bread and meat in the same meal" is why she feels better and has lower cholesterol and BP. Meanwhile, it's possible that splitting up bread and meat was not the change that is really responsible for the improved condition. Maybe it was the change of "not eating fast food almost every day". Maybe it was the change of "eating fruits and veggies". This argument is dealing with another of the 10 famous flaws, Causal Overconfidence, in which the author overconfidently concludes one causal explanation for a curious fact while failing to consider other possible explanations.

   Skill tested: Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   93%
5. E

   Bad Evidence Match1% picked this

   concludes that making a dietary change improved the health of a particular person simply because that change results in

   The author does conclude that making the dietary change of splitting up bread and meat improved their particular health. But she does not conclude this on the basis of evidence that said, "most people who stop combining bread and meat end up with improved health".

   1%