PT155 S1 Q15 ExplanationMost cats like to go outside

Answer choices, explained

1. A

   Bad Trigger / Outcome Match5% picked this

   If Jamil's cat is outside, then the temperature is

   We don't have any knowledge triggered by "If J's cat is outside". We know that "If J's cat is allowed outside, then some family members are out there, which means it's sunny, hot, or both." Cat some family sun's shining allowed → members → or outside are outside hot outside But the cat might be outside without being allowed outside. And even if we played along and equated those, we just know that it's sunny, hot, or both. We can't prove that the temperature is above freezing. The sun can be shining, even when the temperature is freezing or colder.

   5%
2. B

   Illegal Negation3% picked this

   If Jamil's cat is not outside, it is cloudy and it is

   We don't have any knowledge triggered by "If J's cat is not outside". We know that "If J's cat is allowed outside, then some family members are out there, which means it's sunny, hot, or both." Cat some family sun's shining allowed → members → or outside are outside hot outside This answer is trying to flip the lightswitch on all these ideas, which is illegal. It's thinking, Cat not no family sun's not shine allowed → members → or outside are outside not hot outside

   3%
3. C

   Illegal Reversal7% picked this

   If the sun is shining or it is hot outside, Jamil's cat

   We don't have any knowledge triggered by "If sun is shining or hot outside". That's an outcome, not a trigger. Cat some family sun's shining allowed → members → or outside are outside hot outside This answer is trying to read backwards, which is illegal. It's thinking, Cat some family sun's shining allowed ← members ← or outside are outside hot outside

   7%
4. D

   Illegal Reversal7% picked this

   If at least one member of Jamil's family is outside, then Jamil's cat

   We do have some knowledge triggered by "If some family members are outside". That tells us that it's sunny, hot, or both. Cat some family sun's shining allowed → members → or outside are outside hot outside This answer is trying to read backwards, which is illegal. It's thinking, Cat some family sun's shining allowed ← members ← or outside are outside hot outside

   7%
5. E

   Correct77% picked this

   If the sun is not shining and it is not hot outside, Jamil's cat

   Why this is right

   This provides the contrapositive of the chain we derived. Cat some family sun's shining allowed → members → or outside are outside hot outside When we contrapose A → B → C or D we get ~D and ~C → ~B → ~A So the contrapositive of our chain is ~sun shining no fam cat not and → members → allowed ~hot outside outside outside That's what this answer is reflecting, "If this 1st thing, then this 3rd thing". The answer does add on an assumption that "if the cat is not allowed outside, then the cat is not outside". That is definitely not something we were told, and it's not a common sense truth that "whenever cats aren't allowed outside, they are not outside", because we all know cats escape sometimes. So this serves as a nice reminder that the "best" answer on a must be true might not literally be 100% derivable, but it will always be the most supportable option.

   Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   77%