Logical Reasoning

PT157 · S2 · Q18 In an experiment, each of 200 randomly

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In an experiment, each of 200 randomly selected people was videotaped while describing action-packed excerpts from previously unfamiliar cartoons.

Conclusion (this indicates that)

Gesturing helps speakers quickly find the phrases they want.

Evidence

The subjects in an experiment who gestured spoke more quickly and repeated themselves less than those who didn't gesture.

Evaluate

What we know about the people who gestured is that, "they spoke more quickly and repeated themselves less".

What we're trying to prove about gesturing is that, .

Goal

So let's look for an answer connecting those two things. We want to know that speaking more quickly and repeating yourself less is an indication that you are finding the phrases you want.

The new concept in the conclusion is "finding the phrases they wanted", so any answer without that ingredient is a non-starter.

18.

Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion in the argument to be properly drawn?

  1. Ordinarily almost everyone regularly gestures

    Unrelated to Goal

    This answer never mentions "finding phrases you want", so it will be useless to us, in our pursuit to prove a claim that "doing X allows you to quickly find phrases you want". The evidence never mentioned "finding wanted phrases quickly", so the correct answer will have to mention that.

    5% picked this

  2. The cartoons were chosen by

    Out of Scope

    This answer never mentions "finding phrases you want", so it will be useless to us, in our pursuit to prove a claim that "doing X allows you to quickly find phrases you want". The evidence never mentioned "finding wanted phrases quickly", so the correct answer will have to mention that.

    1% picked this

  3. Correct

    Any form of behavior correlated

    Why this is right

    This connects what we know about the gesturers in the group (they had quicker speech and less repetition) to what we're trying to prove about gesturing (it helps speakers find the phrases they want quickly). Premise: (in the study), gesturing was correlated with quicker speech and less repetition. Answer: if correlated with quicker speech and less repetition, then helps speakers find the phrases they want quickly. Properly drawn conclusion: Gesturing helps speakers find the phrases they want quickly.

    Skill tested: Sufficient Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    59% picked this

  4. Any form of behavior that

    uReversal

    This is a tempting reversal. It starts with the conclusion in the trigger, which is a big no-no. We want to see what we KNOW in the trigger, and what we WANT TO KNOW in the outcome. We want to know that gesturing helps speakers quickly find the phrases they want, so we shouldn't be seeing that in the trigger. Note how there's no way to combine the Premise and Answer to derive any inference. Premise: (in the study), gesturing was correlated with quicker speech and less repetition. Answer: if it helps you find phrases you want quickly, then it enables quicker speech and less repetition. There's no way to combine those because the Premise doesn't activate the trigger. The premise just sounds like the Outcome, and of course we are not allowed to read backwards from outcome to trigger.

    22% picked this

  5. Of the subjects who were

    Unrelated to Goal

    This answer never mentions "finding phrases you want", so it will be useless to us, in our pursuit to prove a claim that "doing X allows you to quickly find phrases you want". The evidence never mentioned "finding wanted phrases quickly", so the correct answer will have to mention that.

    13% picked this

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