PT158 S3 Q3 ExplanationNewspaper columnist: What caused the current recession

Answer choices, explained

1. A

   Bad Match2% picked this

   Solving a problem never requires finding the root cause of

   The columnist argues that knowing the cause of the recession is not essential to improving the economy — a narrow claim about one specific situation. This answer says "solving a problem never requires finding the root cause," which is a universal claim that goes far beyond what the columnist asserts. The word "never" transforms a specific observation into an absolute rule. The columnist does not say that finding root causes is never necessary for solving problems; the columnist says it is not essential in this particular case. The myopia analogy supports the possibility that solutions can precede causal understanding, but it does not prove that causal understanding is never needed anywhere. This answer overgeneralizes the conclusion to a degree the argument does not support.

   2%
2. B

   Necessary vs. Sufficient20% picked this

   Knowing the cause of the current recession would not necessarily enable people to find a

   This answer confuses "not essential" with "not helpful." The columnist says knowing the cause is not essential — meaning it is not a prerequisite for improving the economy. This answer says knowing the cause would not necessarily enable people to find a solution, which is a claim about whether causal knowledge is sufficient for a solution. These are different logical relationships. The columnist's point is about necessity: you do not need to know the cause to improve things. This answer is about sufficiency: knowing the cause might not be enough to improve things. The columnist is not arguing that knowing the cause would be useless or insufficient; the columnist is arguing that you can make progress without it. The conclusion is about what is not required, not about what might not work.

   20%
3. C

   Bad Match1% picked this

   The question of what caused the current recession is subject to

   This answer restates a piece of background information from the stimulus, not the conclusion. The columnist opens by noting that the cause of the recession is "a hotly debated question" — this sets the stage for the argument but is not the argument's point. The conclusion is the columnist's own assertion that follows: it is a mistake to assume that answering this debated question is essential to improving the economy. Background facts describe the situation; the conclusion tells you what to do about or think about that situation. This answer identifies the scene-setting context rather than the argumentative claim built upon it.

   1%
4. D

   Correct75% picked this

   One need not ascertain the cause of the current recession in order to

   Why this is right

   This answer accurately captures the columnist's main conclusion. The argument's structure is: (1) background — the cause of the recession is debated; (2) conclusion — it is a mistake to assume that identifying the cause is essential to improving the economy; (3) evidence — corrective lenses treated myopia effectively before the genetic cause was known. The conclusion, paraphrased, is that one need not ascertain the cause of the recession to improve the economy. This answer matches that claim in scope and content. It does not overstate by claiming causal knowledge is never useful; it does not understate by merely restating the evidence or the background. It captures the core prescriptive insight: improvement can occur without prior identification of the underlying cause.

   Skill tested: Main Conclusion · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   75%
5. E

   Bad Match1% picked this

   Long before the cause of myopia was known to be genetic, corrective lenses were being used as an

   This answer restates the evidence, not the conclusion. The columnist uses the myopia example as an analogy to support the main point: just as myopia was treated before its cause was understood, the economy can be improved without knowing the recession's cause. The fact about corrective lenses is the supporting analogy — it serves the conclusion rather than being the conclusion itself. In argument structure, evidence supports the conclusion; the conclusion is what the evidence is offered to prove. The myopia example is marshaled to prove the columnist's broader point about the recession, making it evidence, not the main conclusion. Selecting this answer confuses the role of the illustration with the role of the claim it illustrates.

   1%