PT158 S3 Q13 ExplanationPsychotherapist: The troubles from which a patient

Answer choices, explained

1. A

   Out of Scope2% picked this

   Psychotherapists cannot help change their patients' relationships unless those patients focus on

   This answer makes two problematic claims. First, it introduces a requirement about patients focusing on "the troubles of other people," which is not what the argument discusses. The argument is about patients' own relationships, not about focusing on other people's troubles. Second, the claim that psychotherapists "cannot help change" patients' relationships without this focus goes far beyond what the argument needs to assume. The argument needs only the assumption that internal-only treatment is insufficient for healing — it does not need any specific claim about what prevents therapists from changing relationships. This answer mischaracterizes the relational focus the argument describes and imposes a requirement the argument does not demand.

   2%
2. B

   Out of Scope3% picked this

   At least some psychotherapy patients cannot be healed if a psychotherapist helps them change their

   This answer says some patients cannot be healed even if a therapist helps them change their relationships. The argument's conclusion is that therapists must focus on relational change; the assumption needed is about why that focus is necessary. Knowing that relational change sometimes fails to produce healing does not help establish that relational focus is necessary — if anything, it suggests that relational focus might not be sufficient, which is a different concern entirely. The argument needs the assumption that internal-only treatment is insufficient, not the claim that relational treatment is sometimes insufficient too. This answer addresses the potential limitations of the proposed approach rather than establishing why the approach is necessary in the first place.

   3%
3. C

   Too Strong36% picked this

   Those psychotherapy patients who change their relationships with other people will thereby find relief from at least

   This answer claims that patients who change their relationships will "thereby find relief from their troubles." This is a guarantee — if you change the relationships, healing follows. But the argument does not need this strong a claim. The argument needs only that therapy cannot succeed by addressing internal causes alone — it needs the relational focus to be necessary, not to be sufficient by itself. The argument's conclusion is that therapists must focus on relational change, not that relational change will definitely cure patients. Negate this answer: "some patients who change their relationships will not find relief." The argument survives this negation perfectly well — even if relational change is not guaranteed to work, it could still be a necessary component of therapy. The argument does not promise success; it identifies a necessary focus area.

   36%
4. D

   Correct58% picked this

   No psychotherapist can help a patient heal solely by addressing the internal causes of

   Why this is right

   This answer states that no psychotherapist can help a patient heal solely by addressing internal causes. This is exactly the assumption that bridges the gap between the evidence (troubles are partly relational) and the conclusion (therapy must focus on relationships). If a therapist COULD heal a patient by addressing only internal causes, then the relational focus would not be necessary — it might be helpful but not required. But if internal-only treatment cannot achieve healing, then the relational component becomes essential, and the therapist "must" focus on it. Apply the negation test: "some psychotherapist CAN help a patient heal solely by addressing internal causes." If this were true, the conclusion that therapists must focus on relationships would collapse — internal-only treatment could suffice, making relational focus optional rather than mandatory. The negation destroys the argument, confirming this is a necessary assumption.

   Skill tested: Necessary Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   58%
5. E

   Unrelated to Conclusion1% picked this

   If a psychotherapist helps patients focus on troubles that are purely internal, then that psychotherapist thereby provides them

   This answer discusses what happens when a therapist focuses on "purely internal" troubles, but the argument's conclusion is about what the therapist must focus on (relationships), not about the consequences of focusing on the wrong thing. Additionally, the claim that focusing on internal troubles "will not help patients address any difficulties they have in their relationships" is a claim about consequences for relationships, while the argument's conclusion is about healing the patient — healing and improving relationships are related but not identical goals. The argument needs the assumption that internal-only treatment cannot achieve healing, not a specific claim about whether internal-focused therapy affects relationships. This answer addresses a tangential consequence rather than the core logical link between evidence and conclusion.

   1%