Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT156 S1 P4 Q25 Explanation

Sand Fossils

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Passage

`Discovered in 1993, the site known as Ukhaa Tolgod, in the Gobi desert of Mongolia, is one of the world's best sources of fossils from the Late Cretaceous period, which ended about 65 million years ago. The dinosaur, lizard, and mammal fossils from this area, including skeletal structures less than 2 millimeters scientists analyzing the geological formations of Ukhaa Tolgod indicates that this sandstorm hypothesis is probably mistaken.

The scientists found that there are three distinct types of sandstone at the site. The first exhibits a well-defined structure of layers tilted at 25 degrees and sorted by particle size. Such arrangements are typical of deposits created from windblown sand. While this sandstone contains dinosaur footprints, it contains no skeletal remains. this third type of deposit that all the vertebrate skeletal fossils of Ukhaa Tolgod are found.

This third type of sandstone exhibits a structure similar to that caused by a phenomenon in which an otherwise stable sand dune becomes drenched with water from heavy rains, triggering a sudden debris flow. The resulting avalanche of sand can be as powerful and violent as a snow avalanche or mudslide. Such were in its path, resulting in the pristine quality of the remains.

The cause of these sandslides is not well understood. However, there is evidence that clay plays an important role. When windblown clay particles deposited by dust storms are moistened with rain, the wet clay filters into the dune and adheres to individual sand grains. The buildup of clay eventually inhibits drainage of time was not a sterile desert, but a stable dune field with plant life and rain.

What this question is testing

Five Questions

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
25.

The information in the passage most helps to answer which one of

Answer choices

  1. Unsupported18% picked this

    What kinds of mammals inhabited the Gobi desert at the end of the

    We're only told that "dinosaur, lizard, and mammal fossils are extraordinarily well preserved". We don't know specifically which types of dinos, lizards, or mammals.

  2. Unsupported: currently19% picked this

    What kind of sandstone is currently being formed at

    We learn about the three types of sandstone that have accumulated in the past. We don't know what kind(s) of sandstone, if any, are currently being formed. And the fact that the final sentence of the passage makes us think that the condition at Ukhaa Tolgod 65 million years ago were different from those today makes speculating about today even harder.

  3. Unsupported: fossilized plants7% picked this

    Have fossilized plants ever been found in sandstone in the

    Plants are only mentioned in the final sentence of the passage, where we learn that the Gobi desert may have had rain and plant life 65 million years ago.

  4. Unsupported: Other Sandstorms6% picked this

    Have scientists found fossilized skeletons of animals that were killed in sudden sandstorms somewhere other

    There isn't talk about sandstorms elsewhere or fossilized skeletons being found in other sandstorms. Presumably both exist, but the passage doesn't provide any acknowledgement of them.

  5. Correct50% picked this

    Are present-day sand dunes ever subject to sudden, violent,

    Why this is right

    This is definitely not concretely established, but it's somewhat supported by the text. The 3rd paragraph starts by saying: - the 3rd type has a structure similar to that caused by a phenomenon in which an otherwise stable sand dune becomes drenched with water from heavy rains, triggering a sudden debris flow. The resulting avalanche of sand can be as powerful and violent as a snow avalanche or a mudslide. This sentence has all the keywords from this answer choice. The intended meaning of the beginning of the 3rd paragraph is something like, "This pile of pebbly sand that we found these old fossils buried in look a lot like [this thing we observe nowadays]." The phenomenon described is talked about in the present tense: - a sand dune becomes drenched - the resulting avalanche can be If we were talking about something that only existed in the past, we wouldn't use that verb tense. For example, doctors no longer put leeches on you to perform a blood-letting, in the hope of ridding your body of the spirits causing your disease. Thus, if we were describing this now-obsolete procedure, we'd say "A doctor would put leeches on you", not "A doctor puts leeches on you". "Once you bled at least a pint of blood, the doctor ended the treatment", not "Once you bleed at least a pint, the doctor ends the treatment".

    Skill tested: Five Questions · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

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