Logical Reasoning

PT152 · S1 · Q3 Letter to the Editor: The arts section

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Letter to the Editor: The arts section of this paper shows a lamentable bias toward movies and against local theatrical productions.

Conclusion (lamentable = opinion)

The arts section of this paper shows a lamentable bias toward movies and against local theatrical productions.

Evidence

Over the last year alone, the paper has published over five times as many movie reviews as reviews of live plays.

Evaluate

The evidence involves a Curious Comparison, and the conclusion is offering an explanation for that asymmetry, so we can use our Explain Curious Fact mindset.

Curious Fact … How come the paper publishes five times as many movie reviews as reviews of live plays?

Author’s Explanation … The people who run the arts section are biased towards movies. They prefer movies over plays, so they choose to publish more movie reviews because they would rather write about and publish stuff that they like.

We always ask ourselves

1. Could there be an Alternate Explanation for the curious fact?

2. How plausible is the Author’s Explanation?

Goal

We can either hurt the argument by suggesting an Alternate Explanation for why there are five times as many reviews of movies as of live plays (maybe there are way more movies than plays / maybe the readers of the newspaper are five times more interested in movies than in plays), or hurt it by making it seem less plausible that the editors of the arts section prefer movies to plays and thus publish far more reviews of movies than of plays.

3.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

  1. Some newspapers do not publish

    Too Weak / No Impact

    This says that “In the world, there exists at least one newspaper that doesn’t publish any reviews of live plays”. Okay, cool, but that newspaper doesn’t have anything to do with the conversation we’re having about this newspaper, which does publish some reviews of live plays. The word “some” is almost always too weak to be a correct answer on Strengthen, Weaken, Paradox, and Sufficient Assumption.

    0% picked this

  2. Correct

    The number of movies released

    Why this is right

    This provides an Alternate Explanation for why there are way more reviews of movies than of plays. “It’s not because the editors of the arts section have a bias towards movies; it’s just because there are way more movies to review than there are plays to review.” On Weaken (and Flaw, Necessary Assumption, Evaluate), the correct answer on an Explain Curious Fact style argument usually provides an alternate explanation for the curious fact. Meanwhile, on Strengthen, a correct answer is more likely to boost the plausibility of the author’s explanation for the curious fact.

    Skill tested: Weaken · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    91% picked this

  3. The newspaper has five movie

    Strengthens, if anything

    This feels like an Alternate Explanation for why there are five times as many reviews of movies vs. plays:

    5% picked this

  4. The newspaper does not have

    Too Weak

    This would only hurt the author if she had been thinking (implausibly, since this is an insane notion) that “the newspaper does have the space to publish a review of every single movie and play released or performed”. She wasn’t thinking any crazy thought like that, so this answer can’t hurt her. She wasn’t arguing that every play / movie should be reviewed. She just seems to expect an equal number of plays / movies would be reviewed, if the arts editors were unbiased.

    1% picked this

  5. The newspaper published more reviews

    No Impact

    While this somewhat goes against the plausibility of the Author’s Explanation (“It doesn’t sound like the arts section has a bias that favors movies over plays; after all, they reviewed more plays last year than they did the year before.”) But it has very little impact, because even if the number of live plays reviewed has increased, it’s still only 1/5 the number of movies that get reviewed.

    3% picked this

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