Logical Reasoning

PT146 · S1 · Q17 In order to relieve traffic congestion

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In order to relieve traffic congestion, the city of Gastner built a new highway linking several of the city’s suburbs to the downtown area.

Given that ...

The city built a new highway linking several suburbs to the downtown area, in order to relieve traffic.

How can it be that ...

Since the new highway opened, the average commute time for workers downtown has increased?

Evaluate / Goal

We thought the new highway would relieve traffic congestion, thereby reducing commute times. But for some people (workers in downtown), the commute has gotten worse.

So we need to hear something else that's changed with the new highway, that would make commuting slow down for people who work downtown.

17.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in average commute time?

  1. Most people who work in

    Deepens Paradox

    If most downtown workers are commuting from the 'burbs, then the effect of the new highway should be making their lives / commutes better. After all, the highway's purpose was to better link suburbs to downtown. So this answer makes us even more confused how commute time has gotten worse for these workers.

    9% picked this

  2. The location of the new

    Deepens Paradox, if anything

    The fact that the highway is most convenient to people in the largest suburbs means that we can expect a lot of people will want to use this new highway. That should decrease traffic congestion on the roads people used to use to get from suburbs to downtown, and thus commuting times should be going down. This doesn't give us any reason to explain why commuting got worse for downtown workers. It seems to either not have anything to with them, or it sounds like it's a positive for them.

    7% picked this

  3. Shortly after the new highway

    No Impact

    This is a tempting answer for a lot of us, because it shows something else that's changed since the highway was opened, and the idea of new stoplights sounds like something that could explain increased commuting time. But it sounds from the phrase upgraded with new stoplights like these intersections already had stoplights, and those were swapped out and replaced with new ones. In order for commuting time to be made worse, we want to believe that there used to be no stoplight at an intersection, and now there is one. But replacing a stoplight with an upgraded, new one doesn't have any common sense connection to slowing down traffic flow.

    11% picked this

  4. At the same time the

    Wrong Timeframe

    This is talking about stuff prior to the highway opening (when it was still being built). We're looking for something else that changed once the highway opened.

    9% picked this

  5. Correct

    In Gastner’s downtown area, traffic

    Why this is right

    This is telling us something else that changed once the highway was opened. That something, "traffic became more congested", definitely sounds like it could cause increased commute times. It's not a very compelling correct answer, but it's hard to make an argument that any other answer choice does more than this one to help explain the increase in commuting time. I think the test writers want us to picture lower Manhattan, where traffic near the Lincoln and Holland tunnels (the highways leading out of downtown) gets really, really congested. This answer is also intended, I think, to allow for the idea that people coming from the suburbs might now be able to get to downtown faster, but for the workers in the downtown area, the local traffic situation has gotten worse, because now there are these big queues of cars waiting to get on / off the highway.

    Skill tested: Paradox · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    64% picked this

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