Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT144 S1 P3 Q16 Explanation

Wampum

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsParagraph PurposeSociety

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Passage

Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages.

Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests.

It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.

What this question is testing

Paragraph Purpose

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
16.

The last paragraph of the passage serves

Answer choices

  1. Out of Scope: other forms8% picked this

    detail how wampum belts evolved from other forms

    This last paragraph details how string wampum evolved into wampum belts, but there isn't any other form of wampum beyond belts that's described in the passage. We end paragraph 2 with string wampum, and in the second sentence of the last paragraph we hear about "the invention of wampum belts".

  2. Weak Match: string vs. belts3% picked this

    distinguish between wampum belts and less complex forms of

    The passage overall is telling us about an evolution from beads to string to belt. But it's also telling us about an evolution from religious symbols to simple messages to more complex political messages. Since the final paragraph tells us about how wampum belts worked to convey political messages, we can understand how it would be distinguished from string wampum in the 2nd paragraph. But the author spends no time addressing that, so it feels unsupported to call that her purpose in the final paragraph. This doesn't tie into any framing ideas at the outset of the paragraph. And it doesn't relate to the vast majority of sentences within the final paragraph. There's only one sentence that seems to address the relationship between the two: "belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered".

  3. Correct69% picked this

    illustrate how wampum functioned as a system of

    Why this is right

    This answer is frustrating because it doesn't capture the opening ideas of the paragraph, that the formation of the Confederacy was the causal factor that ushered in this next stage of wampum's evolution. But after the first two sentences, the entire final paragraph is offering details on how wampum functioned as a system of symbolic representation. - string wampum was combined to form icons that could be deciphered by those who knew the meaning of the symbols - longhouses outlines = particular nation - diamond outlines = council fires - lines between human figures = current relations - arrangement of colors affected meaning etc. What would probably help us feel good about this answer (besides seeing how much text in the final paragraph is dedicated to providing examples of how wampum communicated ideas) is finding some text in the Opening Sentence that makes us think of this more as a framing idea / overall purpose. And if we check, even though the first sentence opens with the causal relationship between the Confederacy and making wampum more political, the backend of that sentence matches language in this answer choice: .... for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes.

    Skill tested: Paragraph Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Out of Scope: outlining constitution9% picked this

    outline the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution as it was encoded

    We're told that the constitution was encoded in wampum belts, but we don't hear a single provision of the constitution. To "outline" the constitution would mean to sketch out its basic provisions.

  5. Too Strong: ensuring compliance12% picked this

    give evidence of wampum's effectiveness as a means of ensuring compliance with the law of

    Nothing in the final paragraph attests to how effective wampum was at guaranteeing total compliance with the law of the Confederacy.

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