Logical Reasoning

PT143 · S3 · Q8 The local news media have long

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The local news media have long heralded Clemens as an honest politician.

Conclusion (this demonstrates)

The local media show too much deference toward public figures.

Evidence

They long heralded Clemens as an honest politician, but were proven wrong when Clemens was caught up in a corruption scandal.

And even the editor of the local paper admitted that her reporters neglected to follow leads that might have exposed the scandal earlier.

Evaluate

Whenever we do Main Conclusion (or Role) we remind ourselves that the Conclusion is usually earlier than the Support. The conclusion, on these two question types, is most often found in these two places: - First sentence - Pivot / Rebuttal idea

This argument begins with a fact, so we know the first sentence isn't the conclusion. The 3rd sentence has a rebuttal tinge to it, since we're saying that the local media have been bad.

We can also lean on the conclusion indicator wording we're getting. The obvious conclusion indicators (so, thus, therefore, hence) are usually not going to show us where the conclusion is on a Main Conclusion question (that would be too easy, unless it's a really easy problem).

But we might see more obscure conclusion indicator wording like, this shows that this demonstrates that this suggests that this reveals that

Goal

Once we've found the conclusion, we've done the hard part. Now we just have to find a meaning match for the 3rd sentence.

It is sometimes useful to limber up our language faculties by trying to think of our own equivalent paraphrase: - -

8.

Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?

  1. Clemens has long been portrayed

    Premise

    This does not match the 3rd sentence. It matches the 1st sentence, which was a fact and was not supported by any premises.

    0% picked this

  2. The local news media were

    Unstated Inference

    This does not resemble the 3rd sentence. This is basically an inference that can be drawn by combining the 1st and 2nd sentences, but this answer doesn't match any explicit claim in the paragraph. We should be able (in 99% of cases) to point to the claim we think is the conclusion. We shouldn't be inventing an implied conclusion unless the question stem asks for such a thing.

    6% picked this

  3. Correct

    The local news media show

    Why this is right

    This matches our 3rd sentence, which we identified as the Main Conclusion. It is an opinion from the author, and it is supported by the 1st, 2nd, and 4th sentences.

    Skill tested: Main Conclusion · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    86% picked this

  4. Reporters from the local newspaper

    Premise Last-Claim Trap

    This is not a match for the 3rd sentence. This comes from the final sentence, which was a factual premise and not supported by any other claims in the argument. Also, we want to be very cautious about picking the last claim as the conclusion on Main Conclusion. Sometimes the Main Conclusion will be last, but only like 10% of the time, so the odds are not in our favor.

    0% picked this

  5. The local newspaper's treatment of

    Assumption

    This does not match the 3rd sentence. This feels like an unstated assumption that gets us from the 2nd sentence to the 3rd sentence. But we aren't supposed to be finding an answer that says an invisible claim. We're supposed to find the answer that matches the explicit claim we picked as the Main Conclusion.

    7% picked this

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