Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Hard

PT14 S4 Q21 Explanation

Monroe, despite his generally poor appetite

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Stimulus

Monroe, despite his generally poor appetite, thoroughly enjoyed the three meals he ate at the Tip-Top Restaurant, but, unfortunately, after each meal he became ill. The first time he ate an extra-large sausage pizza with a side order of hot peppers; the second time he took full advantage of the all-you-can-eat fried peppers, Monroe concludes that it is solely due to Tip-Top's hot peppers that he became ill.

What this question is testing

Most Supported

Your task

Break the argument into its conclusion and evidence, then do exactly what the question stem asks with that structure.

Common trap

Answers that sound relevant to the topic but don't connect to the argument's actual reasoning.

Winning move

Predict what a right answer must do, then test each choice against the conclusion-evidence gap.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
21.

If both Monroe’s conclusion and the evidence on which he bases it are correct, they would provide the strongest support for which

Answer choices

  1. Too Strong: any15% picked this

    Monroe can eat any of Tip-Top’s daily all-you-can-eat specials without becoming ill as long as the special does

    We don't know anything about Tip-Top's full suite of all-you-can-eat specials. We only heard about the fried shrimp one. There could be ingredients in the other specials that Monroe is allergic or averse to, so they could still make him sick, even without peppers. Peppers were the only thing that made him sick, from those three meals. But that doesn't mean that peppers are the only thing that makes him sick, in life.

  2. Correct50% picked this

    If, at his third meal at Tip-Top, Monroe had chosen to eat the baked chicken with hot peppers, he would have

    Why this is right

    This isn't provable, but it's supportable through inductive logic. If all three times he ate the peppers he got sick, and all three times he got sick solely due to the peppers, then it sounds pretty reasonable to think that if he had eaten a different 3rd meal, but same peppers, he would have still gotten sick. After all, the meatball sandwich isn't what got him sick on that 3rd meal; it was the peppers. The only way the peppers wouldn't get him sick, when served with the baked chicken, would be if the restaurant used a different stash of hot peppers for chicken than for meatball subs, if the quantity of peppers used in the chicken dish was way less than that used with the meatball subs, or if something in the cooking prep for the chicken w/ hot peppers chemically defused whatever it was about those peppers that was making Monroe sick each time. But each of those possibilities is pretty exotic, so it's very plausible that any meal he ate with those peppers would have had the same effect of making him sick.

    Skill tested: Most Supported · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  3. Too Strong: will not21% picked this

    If the next time Monroe eats one of Tip-Top’s extra-large sausage pizzas he does not have a side order of hot peppers, he will

    We can't support anything about the unknown future. Maybe the next time Monroe eats an extra-large sausage pizza from Tip-Top, he's still recovering from a stomach flu and the pizza triggers a relapse. Maybe he will have just gotten off a roller-coaster. Maybe the sausage will be tainted that day. There are too many unknowns about a future eating experience to make a reliable prediction.

  4. Out of Scope: before10% picked this

    Before eating Tip-Top’s fried shrimp with hot peppers special, Monroe had eaten fried shrimp without

    We have no support for the idea that Monroe has ever had fried shrimp prior to this 2nd meal. So we can't comment on what his fried shrimp-eating history has been like, if there even is a fried shrimp-eating history.

  5. Too Strong: only4% picked this

    The only place Monroe has eaten hot peppers has been

    We have no support for this harshly restrictive idea that Monroe has never had hot peppers outside of his meals at Tip-Top.

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