Logical Reasoning

PT113 · S2 · Q12 Rosen: One cannot prepare a good meal

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Rosen: One cannot prepare a good meal from bad food, produce good food from bad soil, maintain good soil without good farming, or have good farming without a culture that places value on the proper maintenance of all its natural resources so that needed supplies are always available.

Statement

Rosen lists four things that cannot happen without something else. Each "cannot have X without Y" is a conditional with Y as the requirement.

The arrow is the verb "requires". Req'd things go on the Right.

Conditional (cannot without) Good meal → good food Good food → good soil Good soil → good farming Good farming → a culture that values maintaining its natural resources

Evaluate

Are we allowed to equate "not Bad Food" with "Good Food"? To equate "not Bad Soil" with "Good Soil"?

Generally, I would say no, since theoretically there's room for mediocre food / mediocre soil in between. However, we can also see that it seems to be the test writer's intent to chain these things together, and they're only going to chain if we treat these as a binary.

Our chain would say Good → Good → Good → Good → Cult maintains meal food soil farming nat'l resources

Goal

We'd expect the correct answer to test some remote link of our chain. Maybe it'll be "thing 1 requires thing 5", or maybe it'll be some intermediate connection like "thing 2 requires thing 4".

There will probably be trap answers doing illegal reversals or negations.

The correct answer may come from the contrapositive of the chain: ~Cult maintains → Bad → Bad → Bad → Bad nat' resources farms soil food meal

12.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Rosen's statement?

  1. Correct

    The creation of good meals

    Why this is right

    Good meals require good food, good soil, good farming, and a culture that maintains natural resources. Good → Good → Good → Good → Cult maintains meal food soil farming nat'l resources Good soil feels like a natural condition, and obviously "a culture that properly maintains natural resources" sounds like a cultural condition. It's not attractive on a first pass, but ultimately it's our best answer.

    Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    73% picked this

  2. Natural resources cannot be maintained

    Reversal / Negation

    This reversing the final link in the chain. Good → Good → Good → Good → Cult maintains meal food soil farming nat'l resources The final claim in the stimulus is that good farming can't happen without a culture that properly maintains natural resources. This answer reverses that claim and says a culture that maintains natural resources can't happen without good farming.

    6% picked this

  3. Good soil is a prerequisite

    Reversal / Negation

    This reverses the soil / farming link Good → Good → Good → Good → Cult maintains meal food soil farming nat'l resources We were sold that you can't have good soil without good farming, i.e. that good farming is a prerequisite for good soil. This reverses that claim and says that good soil is a prerequisite for good farming.

    12% picked this

  4. Any society with good cultural

    Reversal / Negation

    This essentially sounds like it's doing a reversal from the fifth to the second. Good → Good → Good → Good → Cult maintains meal food soil farming nat'l resources If we pretend that fifth idea is essentially "good culture", then we would say our chain says, "If good cuisine, then good culture." And this answer is saying, "If good culture, then good cuisine."

    2% picked this

  5. When food is bad, it

    Reversal / Negation

    This looks like a reversal from thing 4 to thing 3 and then thing 2, on our contrapositive chain. ~Cult maintains → Bad → Bad → Bad → Bad nat' resources farms soil food meal We know "if farms are bad, then soil is bad, and then food is bad." This answer is saying "If food is bad, then soil is bad and then farming is bad." We were told in the stimulus that bad soil or bad farming could both lead to bad food. But we don't have any certainty that any time we see bad food, it can definitely be blamed on bad soil / farming. There could be lots of other things that also lead to bad food (such as inept chefs or faulty equipment).

    7% picked this

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