Logical Reasoning

PT16 · S2 · Q12 Alexander: The chemical waste dump

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Alexander: The chemical waste dump outside our town should be cleaned up immediately.

Conclusion (So)

The town should not spend resources correcting the dump unless it poses a significant health hazard to people, and if it does, the town should do only what removes that hazard (not worry about repairing the harm done to forests and wildlife).

Evidence

The town's first priority is the health of its people.

Evaluate

Teresa starts with a ranking: people's health comes first. From that ranking she derives a spending rule: resources go toward the dump only if the dump touches the top priority, and if so, then only as far as worrying about the top priority goes.

Restoring the forest, which Alexander cares about, is not the first priority, and so it gets nothing. We only care about correcting any parts of it that would impact the health of the town's people.

Goal

The principle's outcome should have normative language about what we should / shouldn't spend resources on. The trigger language should be about whether or not it's related to our first priority (the health of the town's people).

So we could see, and/or

12.

Teresa’s statement most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?

  1. Environmental destruction should be redressed

    Out of Scope

    When contraposed this says not in econ interest → shouldn't repair environment The right side isn't terrible, because the thrust of Teresa's conclusion is that we shouldn't spend money to repair the environment for its sake, only for the sake of our own health. But this trigger doesn't match anything she said in her evidence. She never said that repairing the damage we've done isn't in the community's economic interest. Instead, she talked about the community's health being our top priority.

    2% picked this

  2. Correct

    Resources should be allocated only

    Why this is right

    By contrapositive this is saying, not related to top priority goal → shouldn't allocate resources Teresa names the town's highest priority, the health of its people, and then limits spending to what serves that priority. The dump gets resources only if it threatens health, and only enough to remove the threat. Restoring the woodland, a lower-priority goal, gets no resources other than what relates to the town's health.

    Skill tested: Principle-Conform · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    84% picked this

  3. No expense should be spared

    Too Strong

    Teresa does not say spare no expense. She says the opposite about scope: if the dump is a hazard, "we only need to remove that hazard," which is a limit on spending, not a blank check. This is a rule that says protects community's health → should spend money That rule does help support her final sentence, but when we're doing Principle-Conform we're not asking ourselves, "If established, would this principle help her?" (that's Principle-Strengthen) We're using a more conservative Necessary Assumption mindset to think, "Is this how the author was thinking?" And this extreme spending position sounds way beyond anything we heard this author implying.

    8% picked this

  4. Environmental hazards that pose slight

    Contradicted

    This is essentially the opposite of how Teresa is thinking. Teresa sets the bar at a "significant health hazard." This says, tech could fix an slight enviro hazard → should be fixed We never talk about whether we have available technology to fix the problem, so that trigger doesn't match anything. And Teresa was only wanting to spend money if we have a significant health hazard. This answer makes it seem like she's willing to spend money on slight health risks as well.

    1% picked this

  5. It is the community as

    Out of Scope

    The normative language here has nothing to do with whether we should / shouldn't spend resources. This is a principle about who should / shouldn't evaluate importance.

    5% picked this

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