Logical Reasoning

PT144 · S4 · Q8 Satellite navigation systems (satnavs)

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Satellite navigation systems (satnavs) for cars, in which computer voices announce directions as you drive, save fuel and promote safety.

Conclusion

Satnavs save fuel and promote safety.

Evidence

Satnavs are a computer voice that announces directions as you drive.

When traveling to a new place, drivers with satnavs drove 7% fewer miles per journey than did drivers using paper maps.

Fewer miles driven means less fuel consumed, generally.

Also, the drivers using satnavs didn't have to take their eyes off the road like the the drivers using paper maps did, so presumably they drove more carefully.

Evaluate

This is a Two-Pronged Conclusion, which means we can strengthen the argument by any answer that helps us argue that satnavs save fuel or one that helps us argue that satnavs promote safety.

The argument doesn't have any obvious missing links we need to connect, so we should probably role play The Defense and think about what objections could be made.

How could someone argue that "satnavs don't save fuel"? - maybe the energy it takes to run the satnav computer is draining fuel, so even though drivers go 7% fewer miles they still end up using at least as much fuel.

- maybe having a satnav encourages drivers to drive in an inefficient manner (they're determined to beat the "estimated time" on the satnav, so they start speeding a lot, which wastes gas)

How could someone argue that "satnavs don't promote safety"?

- maybe we could argue that the satnav doesn't give the driver much warning before a turn, so the driver has to swerve to get to their exit.

- maybe the satnav guides people to make more dangerous moves, like trying to make a left out of a residential area with no stoplight onto a busy road.

The evidence also only talks about how satnavs compare to paper maps when it comes to traveling to novel destinations. Maybe when you're traveling to familiar destinations, satnavs have no benefits and maybe even make the situation worse?

Goal

Let's look for an answer that shoots down one of these objections or otherwise makes us feel better about saving gas / being safer when you have a satnav in your car.

8.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

  1. People who are often required

    No Impact: who uses satnavs

    This is just telling us who is more likely to use satnavs, and unsurprisingly it's drivers who are frequently going to new destinations and thus need directions. But that doesn't tell us anything about whether those drivers are saving fuel or being safer by having a satnav vs. a paper map vs. any other means of finding their way.

    5% picked this

  2. The more fuel a vehicle

    No Impact

    No Impact: wanting to find shortest route Like (A), this answer seems to just spell out a common sense fact, which means it won't really have any impact on the argument, since we already know common sense facts. Naturally, the more of a gas guzzler you drive, the more financial incentive you have to keep your trips as short as possible. But that motivation applies to all drivers. No one is generally interested in spending more fuel or time than they need to, so everyone is generally interested in finding the shortest route to a destination. Presumably, satnavs are giving you the shortest route they can find, and people using paper maps are seeking the shortest route they can find. Since everybody is motivated to find the shortest route, this doesn't provide any distinction between driving with a satnav and driving with a paper map, and thus it gives us no additional way to argue that driving with a satnav is more fuel efficient or safer.

    2% picked this

  3. Drivers who do not routinely

    No Impact: who plans ahead

    Like (A), this is just telling us who is more/less likely to use satnavs. This answer makes it sound like people who usually don't need to drive somewhere new are more likely to plan their route carefully prior to departure (which sounds like they're neither relying on satnav to guide them nor checking a paper map while driving to figure out the next turn). These people seemingly aren't using satnav or paper map, so they have no bearing on whether using a satnav would tend to make a driver save fuel and be safer.

    1% picked this

  4. Drivers who own satnavs usually

    Weakens, if anything

    This is talking about people who use satnavs. Is it telling us that they're saving fuel or being safer? No, it's saying they usually don't bother using their satnavs. They already know their preferred route, so they don't bother turning on the computer to boss them around. If people who drive cars with satnavs aren't using the satnavs, then we aren't going to be able to argue that the satnav is saving them fuel or promoting safety.

    1% picked this

  5. Correct

    Drivers who are given directions

    Why this is right

    This pairs up something we know about satnavs (the computer announces directions as needed, while you're driving) with something that relates to saving fuel or promoting safety (less likely to make risky maneuvers). We know that if a driver is using a paper map, they are not being "given" directions as needed. They are checking on directions. Drivers using their satnavs would be "given" directions by the computer, and apparently this correlates with safer driving, so it helps us to support part of the conclusion.

    Skill tested: Strengthen · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    92% picked this

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