Reading Comprehension

PT139 · S3 · P1 · Q5 Improving Farm Economics

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The prevailing trend in agriculture toward massive and highly mechanized production, with its heavy dependence on debt and credit as a means of raising capital, has been linked to the growing problem of bankruptcy among small farms.

Topic

A new approach for small farms to survive and thrive—Booker T. Whatley’s strategy for making small-scale farming profitable despite tough economic odds.

Framework

Problem / Solution

Main Point

Booker T. Whatley offers a comprehensive, innovative approach that enables small farms to remain profitable and competitive by focusing on diverse crops, creating direct relationships with customers, and minimizing operational costs. (The “Most Valuable Sentence” appears at the end of the last paragraph: )

P1: The Problem and Introduction of Whatley’s Counter-Approach

Small farms are being squeezed out by big, industrial agriculture, mainly because they can’t keep up with the financial demands. Booker T. Whatley presents an alternative system to help small farmers survive and succeed, despite these challenges.

P2: Whatley’s Guidelines for Year-Round Profitability

Whatley suggests that small farms should grow lots of different crops to avoid disaster if one fails, and minimize risky borrowing. He introduces the idea of a “clientele membership club” (CMC), where customers pay ahead of time and pick their own produce, ensuring a stable market and consistent income for the farm.

P3: Cost-Saving Benefits and Direct Sales Model

A big bonus of Whatley’s pick-your-own system is that it slashes half the usual harvesting costs, letting farmers charge less than supermarkets but still turn a profit. It also cuts out distributors by selling directly to consumers. Whatley recommends building a large club of city-dwellers who want fresh produce.

5.

The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following statements?

  1. A corporate farm is more

    Unknown Comparison

    The only thing we hear about loans is in the 2nd paragraph, where it says that small farms would find loans "hard-to-obtain".

    2% picked this

  2. If small farms charged what

    Unsupported / Opposite

    If small farms raised their prices to match what supermarkets charge, then the small farms would probably lose a lot of business. Supermarkets offer convenience. They're in your neighborhood. The food is already off the vine. Small farms offer better produce and better prices, but at the considerable downside of needing to drive 40 miles to get there and to harvest your own produce once you arrive. If the prices weren't cheaper, city folk would be more inclined to buy produce from their local supermarket, so matching the prices of supermarkets could be bad for small farms in the long term.

    5% picked this

  3. Consumers who live in rural

    Unknown Comparison

    We have no way to compare the likelihood of a rural consumer joining a CMC to that of a city consumer joining a CMC. Whatley's plan recommends being close to a population center of at least 50,000 people, not because city folk are more likely to join a CMC than are country folk, but just because the CMC needs about 1,000 people to be viable and so the dense populations of cities allow a farm to set up near more potential customers. But you can imagine, if you lived in a rural area that was also within a 40 min drive of the small farm, you'd have just as much incentive as a city dweller would to drive to the farm and harvest your own produce so that you can get higher quality produce at a lower-than-supermarket price.

    17% picked this

  4. Correct

    If a CMC requests fewer

    Why this is right

    This is one of those Inference correct answers that pulls support from multiple places. Whatley made both of these recommendations: 1. grow at least ten different crops 2. grow only the crops that CMC clients ask for So LSAC, in its infinite cuteness, came up with this answer. If a CMC asked for only 8 crops, then you'd be force to either break rule 1 or rule 2. If you follow rule 1 and grow at least 10 crops, then you're not growing only the crops the CMC asked for. If you follow rule 2 and grow the 8 crops the CMC requested, then you're not following rule 1.

    Skill tested: Inference · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    58% picked this

  5. Distribution costs are accounted for

    Contradicted

    The idea with the CMC is that you don't distribute the crops from the farm. Members of the CMC just come to the farm and harvest their own crops. That's how it "eliminates" distribution costs.

    18% picked this

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