A species in which mutations

Answer choices

1. A

   Bad Premise Match Valid Argument15% picked this

   In a stone wall that is properly built, every stone supports another stone. Since a wall's being sturdy depends upon its being properly built,

   The two conditional premises don't have a matching outcome, so we can bail after the 2nd claim. Prop built ? Each S supports other S A ? B Sturdy ? Prop built C ? A This would allow us to infer C ? B, Sturdy ? Each S supports other S, which is exactly what the (valid) conclusion does.

   15%
2. B

   Bad Premise Match Valid Argument7% picked this

   A play that is performed before a different audience every time will never get the same reaction from any two audiences. Since no plays

   This is identical to (A). The quickest reason to bail is that the two conditional premises don't end in the same outcome. If we choose to study it further, we'll also see it's another valid argument. performed before a different audience ? Unique reaction A ? B Play ? performed before a different audience C ? A This would allow us to infer C ? B, All plays get a unique reaction, just as the (valid) conclusion does.

   7%
3. C

   Correct63% picked this

   A person who is perfectly honest will tell the truth in every situation. Since in order to be a morally upright person one must

   Why this is right

   Perfectly Honest ? Always Tell Truth A ? B Morally Upright ? Always Tell Truth C ? B ??????????????????????????????????????????? Perfectly Honest ? Morally Upright A ? C

   Skill tested: Parallel Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   63%
4. D

   Bad Premise Match Valid Argument11% picked this

   An herb garden is productive only if the soil that it is planted in is well drained. Since soil that is well drained is

   This is the same as (A) and (B). We could get rid of this as soon as we see that the two premises don't have matching outcomes. Productive ? Well Drained Soil A ? B Well Drained ? Good Soil B ? C We could infer A ? C, which would be Productive ? Good Soil, which is just what this (valid) conclusion says.

   11%
5. E

   Bad Premise Match4% picked this

   A diet that is healthful is well balanced. Since a well-balanced diet includes fruits and vegetables, one will not be healthy unless

   This is almost identical to the other three trap answers. We could bail as soon as we saw the two conditional premises didn't have the same outcome. If we choose to keep analyzing, we'd see the conclusion is almost valid. Healthful ? Well balanced A ? B Well balanced ? Fruits & Vegetables B ? C We could infer A ? C, which sounds like Healthful ? Fruits & Vegetables This conclusion is close to doing that, but it has some fuzzy term shifts that keep it from being airtight. Healthful diet vs. healthy, for example.

   4%