Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Hard

PT137 S3 Q17 Explanation

Any food that is not sterilized

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsMust be True

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Stimulus

Any food that is not sterilized and sealed can contain disease-causing bacteria. Once sterilized and properly sealed, however, it contains no bacteria. There are many different acceptable food-preservation techniques; each involves either sterilizing and sealing food or else at least slowing the growth of disease-causing bacteria. Some enzymes that cause food to spoil or discolor quickly.

What this question is testing

Must be True

Your task

Break the argument into its conclusion and evidence, then do exactly what the question stem asks with that structure.

Common trap

Answers that sound relevant to the topic but don't connect to the argument's actual reasoning.

Winning move

Predict what a right answer must do, then test each choice against the conclusion-evidence gap.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
17.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must

Answer choices

  1. Too Strong: all6% picked this

    All food preserved by an acceptable method is free of

    We know that all acceptably preserved food has either been Sterilized and Sealed (in which case no bacteria) or it slows the growth of bad bacteria. That latter possibility would not be free of disease-causing bacteria, so not all acceptably preserved foods are totally free of bad bacteria.

  2. Too Strong4% picked this

    Preservation methods that destroy enzymes that cause food to spoil do not

    There's no way to establish some certain, conditional connection that says Method destroys enzymes ? doesn't sterilize We don't have any info that lets us say something universal about all preservation methods that destroy food-spoiling enzymes.

  3. Unsupported Comparison5% picked this

    Food preserved by a sterilization method is less likely to discolor quickly than food preserved

    We know that certain food-preservation methods sterilize and some of them slow down the discoloration process. We have no idea if those two things overlap at all, and we certainly couldn't compare likelihood of of discoloring quickly to all non-sterilization preservation methods.

  4. Correct68% picked this

    Any nonsterilized food preserved by an acceptable method can contain

    Why this is right

    This answer is pretty much a boring repetition of the first sentence, only it adds in "acceptable" from the 3rd sentence for no reason, other than to complicate people's thinking. The first sentence said that if a food is not sterilized, then it can contain disease-causing bacteria. That holds for any food, whether it's been preserved by an acceptable or unacceptable method.

    Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  5. Backwards17% picked this

    If a food contains no bacteria, then it has been preserved by

    This gives us this conditional: No bacteria ? acceptable method We know "sterilized and sealed ? no bacteria". We only know "no bacteria" as a necessary condition, not a sufficient one. And we know "acceptable method ? sterilized and sealed or Slow Bac" We only know "acceptable method" as a sufficient condition, not a necessary one.

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