Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT133 S4 P3 Q19 Explanation

Ocean Floor Geologic Changes

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsInferenceScience

Keep going in LSAT Lab

  • Save & drill this skill build targeted practice sets from questions like this one

  • Video walkthroughs watch every question solved step by step

  • 81 official LSATs as questions, timed sections & full-length tests

Full official LSAT questions are available through LawHub. This page provides LSAT Lab's explanation, strategy, and review tools without republishing the full official question.

Passage

Until the 1950s, most scientists believed that the geology of the ocean floor had remained essentially unchanged for many millions of years. But this idea became insupportable as new discoveries were made. First, scientists noticed that the ocean floor exhibited odd magnetic variations. Though unexpected, this was not entirely surprising, because it of the magnetite grains is “locked in,” recording the earth’s polarity at the time of cooling.

As more of the ocean floor was mapped, the magnetic variations revealed recognizable patterns, particularly in the area around the other great oceanic discovery of the 1950s: the global mid-ocean ridge, an immense submarine mountain range that winds its way around the earth much like the seams of a baseball. Alternating stripes oceanic crust. Over millions of years, this process, called ocean floor spreading, built the mid-ocean ridge.

This theory was supported by several lines of evidence. First, at or near the ridge crest, the rocks are very young, and they become progressively older away from the crest. Further, the youngest rocks all have normal polarity. Finally, because geophysicists had already determined the ages of continental volcanic rocks and, by is a remarkable correlation between the ages of the earth’s magnetic reversals and the striping pattern.

What this question is testing

Inference

Your task

Find what must be true based on what the passage or stimulus states.

Common trap

Answers that are plausible or likely but not actually guaranteed by the text.

Winning move

Keep only the choice the statements fully support — eliminate anything that requires an extra assumption.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
19.

If the time intervals between the earth’s magnetic field reversals fluctuate greatly, then, based on the passage, which one of the following is most

Answer choices

  1. Opposite, if anything15% picked this

    Compass readings are most likely to be distorted near the peaks of

    Distorted compass reading came from being atop basalt that was out of whack with the Earth's current polarity. There's nothing special about the peak of the mid-ocean ridge connected to being out of whack. To the contrary, since that's where the new magma spew out of, that has the youngest basalt and thus it should usually have cooled in alignment with the current polarity of the Earth's magnetic field. Thus, if you're near the peak of the mid-ocean ridge, you're dealing with modern basalt, it's aligned, so it won't distort.

  2. Unsupported Causal Connection13% picked this

    It is this fluctuation that causes the ridge to wind around the earth like the

    This is just a Word Salad (smushing together different terms from the passage). There's nothing in the passage connecting magnetic field to the topographical ridge line of the mid-ocean ridge. Ridge lines of mountains are caused by volcanos and tectonic plates and stuff like that, not by magnetism.

  3. Correct62% picked this

    Some of the magnetic stripes of basalt on the ocean floor are much

    Why this is right

    This is very easy to support language, because the alternative is that "all the stripes of basalt are roughly the same size". The stripes of basalt are a combination of two factors, current polarity of Earth + how much ocean floor spreads during that period. If the ocean floor spreads 30m while the polarity is positive, then there will be a 30m stripe of positive basalt. We are told that the ocean floor seems to spread at a pretty constant rate (several cm per year), so a shorter interval at positive polarity will mean a thinner stripe of positive basalt. A long interval at negative polarity will create a fat stripe of negative basalt. Thus, if the polarity intervals fluctuate a lot (but the ocean-floor spreading goes at a constant rate), you'll get stripes of different sizes .

    Skill tested: Inference · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Unsupported Comparison6% picked this

    Continental rock is a more reliable indicator of the earth's magnetic field reversals than

    We have no way to relate the magnetic field to a comparison between continental and oceanic rock. As far as we know, rock is rock. If it has magnetite in it, then when it cooled into solid form (whether on land or in sea), then it locked in its compass needle.

  5. Too Strong: does not vary5% picked this

    Within any given magnetic stripe on the ocean floor, the age of the basalt

    First of all, this has no connection to the question stem. In fact, the question stem is emphasizing fluctuates greatly, which means much variation. So it's counterintuitive that we would then predict lack of variance. Moreover, if the Earth is at positive polarity for 100,000 years, then all the basalt that came out of the mid-ocean ridge during that period will be in the same stripe on the ocean floor. If we pick up on rock from that stripe, it might be 50,000 years old, and if we pick up another one, it might be 150,000 years old. Can we say "the age does not vary"?

Continue the review in LSAT Lab

Save this question, watch the video walkthrough, and drill similar questions in your LSAT Lab account.

LSAT Lab

Turn this review into a targeted study plan.

Save this question, drill more like it, watch the video walkthrough, and track your progress in your LSAT Lab account.

Start practicing free