Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium

PT133 S4 P3 Q18 Explanation

Ocean Floor Geologic Changes

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsLocate DetailScience

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Passage

Until the 1950s, most scientists believed that the geology of the ocean floor had remained essentially unchanged for many millions of years. But this idea became insupportable as new discoveries were made. First, scientists noticed that the ocean floor exhibited odd magnetic variations. Though unexpected, this was not entirely surprising, because it of the magnetite grains is “locked in,” recording the earth’s polarity at the time of cooling.

As more of the ocean floor was mapped, the magnetic variations revealed recognizable patterns, particularly in the area around the other great oceanic discovery of the 1950s: the global mid-ocean ridge, an immense submarine mountain range that winds its way around the earth much like the seams of a baseball. Alternating stripes oceanic crust. Over millions of years, this process, called ocean floor spreading, built the mid-ocean ridge.

This theory was supported by several lines of evidence. First, at or near the ridge crest, the rocks are very young, and they become progressively older away from the crest. Further, the youngest rocks all have normal polarity. Finally, because geophysicists had already determined the ages of continental volcanic rocks and, by is a remarkable correlation between the ages of the earth’s magnetic reversals and the striping pattern.

What this question is testing

Locate Detail

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
18.

According to the passage, which one of the following is true of

Answer choices

  1. Correct75% picked this

    In the youngest basalt, they are aligned with the earth's

    Why this is right

    The youngest basalt means the magma that has most recently cooled. If there's a volcanic eruption in Hawaii right now, then the magma that explodes out will eventually cool into basalt, and the magnetite grain will show a snapshot of the earth's current polarity. The only way for this answer to not be true would be if the Earth's magnetic field had switched polarity since the most recent eruption of magma. But the magnetic field has reversed "at various times" over the course of Earth's 4 billion year history, suggesting that the magnetic field switches every few million years. In our lifetime, the magnetic field has never switched. Thus, any magma that has cooled in our lifetime will form basalt whose magnetite grains are pointing at the current polarity of the magnetic field.

    Skill tested: Locate Detail · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  2. Contradicted: not all21% picked this

    In magma, most but not all of them align themselves with the

    As far as we know, "grains of magnetite (all of them) behave like little compass needles, aligning with the earth's magnetic field".

  3. Too Strong: only basalt2% picked this

    They are not found in other types of rock

    The only rock mentioned that has magnetite in it is basalt, but that doesn't establish that basalt is the only rock with magnetite in it.

  4. Unknown Comparison: size of sand2% picked this

    They are about the size of typical grains

    Nothing in the two sentences we have about magnetite grains reveals the size of these grains. We couldn't compare them to typical grains of sand. This answer seems to just want people to think "a grain of this = a grain of that".

  5. Too Strong: too small to see1% picked this

    They are too small to be visible to the

    Nothing in the two sentences we have about magnetite grains reveals the size of these grains. We have no idea whether they're visible to the naked eye or not.

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