Logical Reasoning

PT132 · S4 · Q16 All etching tools

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All etching tools are either pin-tipped or bladed.

Opposing Point

Some bladed etching tools B + ET ↢some↣ EN are used for engraving.

Evidence

All etching tools are either ET → PT or B pin-tipped or bladed.

Some bladed etching tools B + ET ↢some↣ EN are not used for engraving.

On the other hand, all pin- PT → EN tipped etching tools are used for engraving.

Conclusion

Thus, there are more ET + EN > ET + EN etching tools that are used for engraving than there are etching tools that are not used for engraving.

Evaluate

According to the argument all pin-tipped etching tools and some bladed etching tools are used for engraving. Furthermore it’s established that some bladed etching tools are not used for engraving. Could be it be that there are more etching tools not used for engraving than are used for engraving? It’s possible. If the majority of etching tools are bladed and the majority of those are not used for engraving, then it could be that more etching tools are not used for engraving than are used for engraving.

A possible set of numbers that would undermine the reasoning:

100 Etching Tools Pin-tipped Bladed

Used for Engraving 10 10

Not Used for Engraving 0 80

16.

The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

  1. All tools used for engraving

    Irrelevant Relationship

    Any engraving tools that are not etching tools are not relevant to the argument.

    7% picked this

  2. Correct

    There are as many pin-tipped

    Why this is right

    This ensures the conclusion is true because all of the pin-tipped etching tools (≥50%) are used for engraving, plus some of the bladed etching tools (≥1%). Together they ensure that more than half of etching tools are used for engraving.

    Skill tested: Sufficient Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    70% picked this

  3. No etching tool is both

    Too Weak

    This fails to indicate what proportion of etching tools are pin-tipped and what proportion are bladed.

    8% picked this

  4. The majority of bladed etching

    Weaken

    This makes it less likely that more etching tools are used for engraving than are not.

    7% picked this

  5. All etching tools that are

    Inference

    This follows from the ET → PT or B evidence provided, but PT → EN it is not sufficient to ჻ ET + EN → B establish the conclusion.

    9% picked this

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