Reading Comprehension

PT127 · S4 · P4 · Q24 French Egalitarian Education Reforms

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During most of the nineteenth century, many French women continued to be educated according to models long established by custom and religious tradition.

Central Topic / Purpose

The failure of the French Revolution to institute meaningful educational reform for women / to defend against criticism

Main Point

Even though reforms weren't enacted at the end of the Revolution, two progressive reforms were proposed, and those ultimately were valuable in the eventual reforms that came nearly 100 years later.

Passage Map

P1: Opposing point of view (French Revolution's failure to get real educational reform was a missed opportunity) + Author's Thesis P2: Summary of the two proposed reforms P3: Author's assessment of why they failed to be enacted but what ultimate value they still provided

Other Commentary

The first paragraph has a classic opening paragraph structure: Background / Opposing Point / Author's Pivot. And the last sentence of the first paragraph is pretty much the thesis (most common place to find it). However, we would also want to include the author's takeaways in the 3rd paragraph, that although these reforms couldn't initially break through the strong cultural headwinds, they laid down a precedent that was critical to eventually moving forward a century later.

24.

Suppose that two proposals were put forward by lawmakers concerning housing reform today. Which one of the following pairs of proposals is most closely analogous to the pair of proposals discussed in the second paragraph of the passage?

  1. Correct

    "Housing should be made available

    Why this is right

    We can match the first one, since the first proposal said "since education is a common good, instruction should be available to everyone. We can match the second one, since the second proposal said "equal education for women and men", and we know it was aimed at getting rid of the discriminatory practice of siphoning out women around age 8 to learn domestic stuff.

    Skill tested: Analogy · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    70% picked this

  2. "Housing should be made available

    Weak 2nd Match

    We can match up the first part as we did in choice (A), since they're identical. But there isn't a strong line reference match for improving quality when it comes to the 2nd proposal. Neither "equaled for women and men" nor "coed schools" are an obvious match for "improved quality".

    5% picked this

  3. "There should be housing for

    Bad 1st Match

    Although the 2nd proposal's call for "equal education for women and men" matches decently with uniform quality, the 1st proposal doesn't contain anything relating to who can / can't pay for education. In fact, since the 1st proposal calls for public school throughout the country, it seems like it's suggesting education for all, not just for all who can pay.

    6% picked this

  4. "The quality of housing should

    Weak 1st Match

    The 2nd one works as it does in the correct answer (A), but it's hard to find any keywords that sound like improved quality to match up with the 1st. Even though we probably think of it as an improvement that they were going to have teachers of both sexes, deemphasize the primarily religious education, and make sure women had access to school (until age 8 at least), none of those are synonymous with an "improved quality" of education.

    12% picked this

  5. "Low-cost housing should be constructed"

    Weak 1st Match

    The 2nd ingredient matches fine with the idea of "equal education for women and men", but it's hard to find a good match for "construct low-cost education" in the 1st proposal. We'd have to assume that replacing religious with reformed curricula, or offering education to both sexes, or hiring teachers of both sexes, or establishing public schools for women and men is "constructing low-cost housing". The last ingredient seems the best match, since establishing and constructing are similar. Is calling for low-cost housing similar to calling for public school? Kinda. They're both aimed at the non-rich segment of society. This just seems to lose to (A) because given that (A) had a smattering of proposals, this answer will probably want us to prioritize the headline of each proposal. Building public schools ("low-cost" education) would be done for both boys and girls. But the main reason we're talking about these two proposals is their effect on the education for women, so the part of the first proposal that is most salient to women ("More importantly, ....") is the idea that "school should be offered to girls, too".

    7% picked this

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