Logical Reasoning

PT125 · S4 · Q25 To get the free dessert

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To get the free dessert, one must order an entree and a salad.

Evidence

To get the free dessert, one must D → E + S order an entrée and a salad.

But anyone who orders either an E or S → SD entrée or a salad can receive a free soft drink.

Conclusion

Thus, anyone who is not eligible ~SD → ~D for a free soft drink is not eligible for a free dessert.

Evaluate

This argument has several important features. First, it links together two conditional relationships to arrive at a conclusion that is also a conditional relationship. Second, the first premise possesses an “and” statement in the necessary condition, while the second premise contains an “or” statement in the sufficient condition. Finally, the conclusion states the inference in the form of a contrapositive.

25.

The reasoning in the argument above is most similar to the reasoning in which one of the following arguments?

  1. To get an executive position

    Wrong Validity

    To get an executive EP → UD + SE position at Teltech, one needs a university diploma and sales experience. But anyone who has 6 + ~SE → UD worked at Teltech for more than six months who does not have sales experience has a university diploma. Thus, one cannot get an EP → 6 executive position at Teltech unless one has worked there for six months.

    1% picked this

  2. To be elected class president,

    Wrong Validity

    To be elected class ECP → WL + WK president, one must be well liked and well known. Anyone who is well WL or WK → SB liked or well known has something better to do than run for class president. Therefore, no one SB → ~ECP who has something better to do will be elected class president.

    6% picked this

  3. Correct

    To grow good azaleas, one

    Why this is right

    To grow good azaleas, GA → RH + LA one needs soil that is both rich in humus and low in acidity. Anyone who has soil RH or LA → GB that is rich in humus or low in acidity can grow blueberries. So, anyone who ~GB → ~GA cannot grow blueberries cannot grow good azaleas.

    Skill tested: Parallel · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    80% picked this

  4. To drive to Weller, one

    Wrong Structure / Wrong Validity

    To drive to Weller, one W → H or OMR must take the highway or take Old Mill Road. Anyone who drives to H → ~BS Weller on the highway will miss the beautiful scenery. Thus, one cannot see BS → OMR the beautiful scenery without taking Old Mill Road to Weller. First, this argument has an if/then relationship in the conclusion. Second, this argument reverses the logic of what could be concluded.

    1% picked this

  5. To get a discount on

    Wrong Validity

    To get a discount on ice DIC → R + IC cream, one must buy frozen raspberries and ice cream together. Anyone who buys ice IC or R → CLP cream or raspberries will get a coupon for a later purchase. So, anyone who does ~DIC → ~CLP not get the discount on ice cream will not get a coupon for a later purchase.

    12% picked this

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