Logical Reasoning

PT122 · S1 · Q23 Perception cannot be a relationship

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Perception cannot be a relationship between a conscious being and a material object that causes that being to have beliefs about that object.

Conclusion

Perception can't be a relationship between a conscious being and a material object that causes that being to have beliefs about that object.

Evidence

We have beliefs about many imperceptible material objects.

Evaluate

Wow! This is all-timer in terms of being intractable to read. We can make it to the correct answer with a poor-man's understanding of what going on if we can see some of the structural features and overlapping ideas.

CONC: Term X can't be defined as something with Y and Z. EVID: There are many cases of Y and Z that we wouldn't call Term X.

X = perception Y = material object Z = beliefs about that object

In conversational terms, the conclusion is saying that

And the author is shooting down that definition by saying,

The flaw is that the author is essentially doing a Necessary vs. Sufficient backwards move. The definition of Perception is saying, IF you're perceiving, you've got a relationship between material object / belief and the author is acting like it said ANY TIME you have a relationship between material object / belief, you have perception

Her putative counterexample is aimed at this 2nd, incorrect, rendering of the definition. She's thinking,

Goal

Look for an answer saying

23.

Which one of the following is most closely parallel in its flawed reasoning to the flawed reasoning in the argument above?

  1. Correct

    Art cannot be an artifact

    Why this is right

    Art can't be a combo of "artifact and aesthetic reaction", because sometimes we see that combo with things that are not art.

    Skill tested: Parallel Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    67% picked this

  2. Liberty cannot be the obligation

    Bad Premise Match

    If we start off by saying, "Liberty cannot be an obligation of other people to allow me to do as I wish", then the matching premise would sound like, "because sometimes people are obliged to allow me to do as I wish, but it's not Liberty".

    3% picked this

  3. Preparation cannot be action directed

    Bad Premise Match

    If we start off by saying, "Preparation cannot be actions directed toward fulfilling needs / solving problems before they arise", then the matching premise would sound like, "because sometimes we direct action toward fulfilling needs and solving problems but it's not preparation."

    19% picked this

  4. Happiness cannot be the state

    Bad Premise Match

    If we start off by saying, "Happiness cannot be the state of mind in which pleasure dominates over pain", then the matching premise would sound like, "because sometimes pleasure dominates over pain but we're unhappy".

    5% picked this

  5. Physics cannot be the science

    Bad Premise Match

    If we start off by saying, "Physics cannot be the science that investigates the ultimate principles of nature", then the matching premise would sound like, "because sometimes we're investigating the principles of nature, but not doing physics."

    5% picked this

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