Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Hard

PT117 S4 Q19 Explanation

Political scientist: All governments worthy

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsParallel Flaw

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Stimulus

Political scientist: All governments worthy of respect allow their citizens to dissent from governmental policies. No government worthy of respect leaves minorities unprotected. Thus any criticism of its policies.

What this question is testing

Parallel Flaw

Your task

Break the argument into its conclusion and evidence, then do exactly what the question stem asks with that structure.

Common trap

Answers that sound relevant to the topic but don't connect to the argument's actual reasoning.

Winning move

Predict what a right answer must do, then test each choice against the conclusion-evidence gap.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
19.

The flawed pattern of reasoning in which one of the following most closely parallels that in the

Answer choices

  1. Bad Conclusion Match Bad Evidence Match3% picked this

    Politicians are admirable if they put the interests of those they serve above their own interests. So politicians who sometimes ignore the interests of

    There are two conditional premises, but they don't have the same trigger. They have matching outcomes. Premise 1: Put their interests 2nd ? admirable Premise 2: Ignore their voters ? admirable Also, the conclusion isn't conditional

  2. Correct70% picked this

    All jazz musicians are capable of improvising and no jazz musician is incapable of reading music. Therefore all musicians who

    Why this is right

    The two premises have the same trigger. Premise 1: Jazz musician ? can improvise Premise 2: Jazz musician ? can read music The conclusion creates a conditional from those two outcomes. Conclusion: can read music ? can improvise

    Skill tested: Parallel Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  3. Bad Evidence Match21% picked this

    Ecosystems with cool, dry climates are populated by large mammals. No ecosystems populated by large mammals have abundant and varied plant life. Thus ecosystems

    The two conditionals chain together, but we wanted two conditionals with the same trigger. No reason to keep reading beyond that first mismatch. Premise 1: Cool ? populated and dry with large mammals Premise 2: populate with ? abundant large mammals plants

  4. Bad Evidence Match5% picked this

    Some intellectuals are not socially active, and no intellectual is a professional athlete. Therefore any professional

    The first premise is a "Some" statement, so we could stop reading there. We wanted two conditional premises.

  5. Bad Evidence Match2% picked this

    First-person narratives reveal the thoughts of the narrator but conceal those of the other characters. Some third-person narratives reveal the motives of every character.

    The second premise is a "Some" statement, so we could stop reading there. We wanted two conditional premises.

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