Logical Reasoning

PT114 · S1 · Q20 Sociologist: Climate and geology determine

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Sociologist: Climate and geology determine where human industry can be established.

Statements

Causal Difference-Maker (determine) Climate and geology have a big causal influence on where human industry can be established.

Causal Chain (always result in, bring about) Drastic shifts → migrations → intermingling in climate of ideas

Conditional (necessary) Rapid advances in civilization → Intermingling of ideas

Evaluate / Goal

Since we were provided with 1 ⇢ 2 ⇢ 3 chain, it's possible the answer will just be 1 ⇢ 3, .

There's an overlapping idea - intermingling of ideas. It connects climate instability with rapidly advancing civilization, so the correct answer might softly connect those two concepts.

20.

The sociologist's statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?

  1. Climate is the primary cause

    Too Strong: primary

    Climate is definitely identified as a cause of migration, but there's no way to rank it against other causes of migration, to say that it's the #1 cause.

    8% picked this

  2. All shifts in climate produce

    Too Strong: all

    We can't prove/support that 100% of climate shifts have produced a net gain in human progress. What an incredibly strong claim that is! First of all, we're only told that drastic climate shifts can result in intermingling of ideas, which is necessary to a rapidly advancing civilization (picking this answer would assume that rapid advances in civilization are always net gains to human progress). We don't know if non-drastic shifts produce any effect at all. And when there is a drastic shift, we only know that intermingling of ideas is happening. The text doesn't say "if there is intermingling, there are rapid advances". Intermingling is necessary, not sufficient.

    7% picked this

  3. Correct

    A population remains settled only

    Why this is right

    This weirdly doesn't combine any ideas. It's just the contrapositive of one of the relationship we were given. We were given: drastic shift in → migration climate The contrapositive would be: no migration → no drastic shift in climate This answer is saying: population settled → climate fairly stable Population settled = not migrating Climate fairly stable = not drastically changing

    Skill tested: Most Supported · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    59% picked this

  4. Populations settle in every place

    Too Strong

    Can we derive from the paragraph the conditional idea we're being offered here? If human industry can → a population will be established somewhere settle there This is a strong idea saying that a population of humans will settle in every single habitable area. But we weren't told that. We were told that climate and geology affect where humans can establish industry. We're never told that anywhere industry can be established it will be established.

    10% picked this

  5. Every migration is accompanied by

    Reversed Logic Too Strong

    Every migration is accompanied by intermingling of ideas, and intermingling of ideas creates the chance of rapid advances. But it doesn't guarantee there will be rapid advances. Suppose we said: Studying hard for LSAT brings about the 165+ LSAT score necessary for admittance into Harvard. Would we be able to say (as this answer choice did) Every person who studies hard is admitted to Harvard Of course not. Studying brought about the 165+ score, but the 165 + score is just a requirement of getting into Harvard, not a guarantee you will. This answer choice is trying to make this chain: Migration → Intermingling → Rapid advances of ideas in civilization But what we had was this: Migration → Intermingling of ideas Rapid advances → Intermingling in civilization of ideas This answer is trying to bait people into reading this last idea backwards.

    17% picked this

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