Light is registered in the

Answer choices

1. A

   Unsupported Causal Relationship18% picked this

   The temperature of an animal’s retina depends on the amount of light the

   We know that the temperature of a retina is proportional to the molecular motion of rhodopsin molecules. Does the "amount of light the retina is absorbing" affect the amount of molecular motion of rhodopsin molecules? We have no way to support that causal connection. We know that light being absorbed is supposed to affect the shape of rhodopsin, but we never heard that it affects the amount of molecular motion of rhodopsin.

   18%
2. B

   Correct62% picked this

   The visual systems of animals whose body temperature matches that of their surroundings are more error-prone in hot

   Why this is right

   This is an insane answer, but it is rewarding us for putting together the causal chain: 1. hotter retina 2. more molecular motion of rhodopsin 3. more shape changes 4. more errors in the visual system The new information this answer choice includes about "body temperature matching that of their surroundings" is just a complicated way of saying, The visual systems of animals are more error-prone when their retina is hotter than when it's cooler. It allowed the test writers to control for a given animal, and compare the animal at a hotter retinal temperature vs. a lower one.

   Skill tested: Most Supported · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   62%
3. C

   Out of Scope: react more slowly13% picked this

   As the temperature of the retina rises, rhodopsin molecules react more slowly to being

   Nothing in the paragraph ever talks about the speed with which rhodopsin reacts to being struck by photons. We have no reason to think the reaction speed slows down or speeds up.

   13%
4. D

   Out of Scope6% picked this

   Rhodopsin molecules are more sensitive to photons in animals whose retinas have large surface areas than in animals whose

   Out of Scope: large surface area Unsupported Comparison: more sensitive The paragraph never talks about varying levels of sensitivity to photons, so we have no basis for supporting some asymmetric comparison regarding senstivity. We also never talked about the larger vs. smaller surface areas, when it comes to retinas. We only heard about hotter vs. cooler retinas.

   6%
5. E

   Too Strong1% picked this

   Molecules of rhodopsin are the only pigment molecules that occur naturally

   Too Strong: the only Only Thing Mentioned ? Only Thing We have no way to support the extreme claim that rhodopsin is the only type of pigment molecule that naturally occurs in the retina. The fact that it's the only one mentioned doesn't mean that it's the only one. When we say, "Black lives matter", we're only mentioning black lives, but that doesn't mean that we're saying "those are the only type of lives that matter".

   1%