Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Medium

PT5 S3 Q4 Explanation

The United States government generally

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsMethod

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Stimulus

The United States government generally tries to protect valuable natural resources. But one resource has been ignored for too long. In the United States, each bushel of corn produced might result in the loss of as much as two bushels of topsoil. Moreover, in the last 100 years, the topsoil in many expenditures for nationwide soil conservation programs have been less than the allocations of some individual states.

What this question is testing

Method

Argument

The author argues topsoil is being neglected. The evidence stack: corn production loses topsoil, decades of erosion have shrunk topsoil depth, and — here is the closer — federal soil conservation spending is so low that some individual states spend more on it than the federal government does.

Evaluate

The question asks what the author does — identify a move actually present in the argument. Notice that last sentence: That is a direct comparison between state and federal expenditures, used to drive home how low the federal level is.

Goal

Find the answer that names this comparison — state versus federal expenditures.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
4.

In stating the argument, the author does which one of

Answer choices

  1. Bad Description3% picked this

    Makes a detailed statistical projection of future

    The author cites past statistics (erosion of topsoil over 100 years) but does not project future losses. There is no detailed statistical projection of future topsoil loss in the argument.

  2. Bad Description9% picked this

    Makes a generalization about total reduction in topsoil depth in

    The author says topsoil "in many states" went from about 14 inches to 6–8 inches — explicitly limiting the claim to "many states," not generalizing to "all states." So this is not a generalization about all states.

  3. Bad Description8% picked this

    Assumes that the United States government does not place a high value on

    The author says the government generally tries to protect natural resources but has ignored topsoil. So the author is not assuming the government places no high value on natural resources — the author is acknowledging the government does value them, just not topsoil specifically.

  4. Bad Description4% picked this

    Refrains from using slanted language concerning the level of

    The author calls federal expenditures "ridiculously low." That is slanted, evaluative language — exactly what this answer says the author refrains from. So the description is the opposite of what the author actually does.

  5. Correct76% picked this

    Compares state expenditures with federal

    Why this is right

    This describes a move the author explicitly makes. The final sentence directly compares state to federal expenditures: "Total federal expenditures for nationwide soil conservation programs have been less than the allocations of some individual states." That is a straightforward state-versus-federal comparison, used to emphasize how inadequate the federal effort is.

    Skill tested: Method · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

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