Vitamin XYZ has long been a favorite

Answer choices

1. A

   Out of Scope: side effects0% picked this

   Taking large amounts of vitamins is probably worth risking the

   We never spoke about any potential side effects of vitamins, so we can't say anything about whether the tradeoffs are "worth it".

   0%
2. B

   Correct68% picked this

   Those who take large doses of vitamin XYZ daily for the next two years will exhibit on average an increase in the

   Why this is right

   This reinforces the causal connection we presumed they were going for: taking XYZ lowers your risk of heart disease This answer just packages that concept in the specific wording of the study. People in the study took large amounts of XYZ daily for two years. They had a 40% lower risk of heart disease. Since the researchers corrected for differences in other relevant health habits, that 40% appears to be the result of the XYZ. Thus, it's supportable to say that someone who follows the protocol the subjects in this large study did will have a result that trends in the same direction as those in the study did (this answer doesn't guarantee a full-on 40% reduction in risk of heart disease, but it's confident that someone will get at least some reduction in risk). A reduction in risk of heart disease = an increase in likelihood of avoiding heart disease

   Skill tested: Most Supported · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   68%
3. C

   Too Strong / Too Literal: 40%15% picked this

   Li, who has taken large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily for the past two years, has a 40 percent lower risk of heart disease

   We know that people in the study on average had a 40% lower risk. We can't interpret an average this literally and say that, "Any random person who did what they did in the study will have a 40% lower risk".

   15%
4. D

   Too Strong: should / most3% picked this

   Taking large amounts of vitamin XYZ daily over the course of one’s adult life should be

   If we accept that taking lots of XYZ for two years will lower our risk of heart disease, then it's definitely something we might consider recommending to people who want or need to lower their risk of heart disease. But we don't know what else XYZ does. Maybe it's bad for the kidneys. Maybe it's very expensive. There are too many unknowns about XYZ for us to go from this paragraph to a recommendation for most adults.

   3%
5. E

   Too Broad14% picked this

   Health food enthusiasts are probably correct in believing that large daily doses of multiple vitamins

   Too Broad: good health Out of Scope: multiple vitamins The only vitamin we heard about was XYZ. We have no idea what happens when people take large daily doses of multiple vitamins. And we only know part of what XYZ seems to do. It seems to lower risk of heart disease. But what if it does so while increasing the risk of liver disease and kidney failure? Is the net effect of taking XYZ "promoting good health"? We can't say.

   14%