Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Hard

PT21 S2 Q8 Explanation

In the past, the railroads in Ostronia

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsMust be True

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Stimulus

In the past, the railroads in Ostronia were run as regional monopolies and operated with little regard for what customers wanted. In recent years, with improvements to the Ostronian national highway network, the railroad companies have faced heavy competition from long-distance trucking companies. But because of government subsidies that have permitted losses, the companies continue to disregard customers’ needs and desires.

What this question is testing

Must be True

Your task

Break the argument into its conclusion and evidence, then do exactly what the question stem asks with that structure.

Common trap

Answers that sound relevant to the topic but don't connect to the argument's actual reasoning.

Winning move

Predict what a right answer must do, then test each choice against the conclusion-evidence gap.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
8.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the

Answer choices

  1. Too Strong16% picked this

    If the government of Ostronia ceases to subsidize railroad companies, few of those companies will

    Too Strong: few Too Speculative: if no subsidies We can't say that it must be true that pulling away subsidies would cause most railroad companies to cease operating. We were never told that most railroads depended on these subsidies for continued operation, only that railroad companies have been able to operate even while incurring substantial losses because of the subsidies. If the subsidies were yanked, then the railroad companies might just have to improve their business model to compete better with long-distance trucking and stop incurring huge losses.

  2. Too Strong: few10% picked this

    Few companies in Ostronia that have received subsidies from the government have taken the needs and desires of

    We only know that the railroad companies have both received subsidies and not taken the needs and desires of customers into account. This answer is saying that's true of most companies in O that have received subsidies. But we don't know how any other companies that have received subsidies have behaved in relation to customers.

  3. Out of Scope3% picked this

    Without government subsidies, railroad companies in Ostronia would have to increase the prices they

    Out of Scope: increase prices Speculation: without subsidies We were only told what was true with subsidies in place. Predicting an alternate universe without subsidies is something we'd consider on Most Supported, but it's hard to say that any predictions about what would happen in an alternate universe Must Be True. It's possible that without subsidies, the railroads wouldn't have to raise prices to stop their terrible losses; they could just improve their customer service by regarding their customers' needs and desires.

  4. Out of Scope: efficient4% picked this

    The transportation system in Ostronia is no more efficient today than in was

    We don't have any means to judge a comparison between the overall efficiency of the transportation system in the past vs. that of today.

  5. Correct66% picked this

    In recent years, some companies in Ostronia that have had little regard for the desires of their

    Why this is right

    This just combines two things we know to be true about O's railroad companies: 1. like in the past, they have little regard for the desires and needs of their customers 2. they have nonetheless survived (they have continued to operate even while incurring substantial losses) Since "some" just means "at least one", we can say that there must be at least one company in Ostronia that has both qualities 1 and 2.

    Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

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