Logical Reasoning

PT143 · S4 · Q9 In a sample containing 1,000 peanuts

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In a sample containing 1,000 peanuts from lot A and 1,000 peanuts from lot B, 50 of the peanuts from lot A were found to be infected with Aspergillus.

Evidence

In a sample containing 1,000 peanuts from lot A and 1,000 peanuts from lot B, 50 of the peanuts from lot A were found to be infected with Aspergillus.

Two hundred of the peanuts from lot B were found to be infected with Aspergillus.

Conclusion

Therefore, infection with Aspergillus is more widespread in lot B than in lot A.

Evaluate

So long as the samples from lot A and lot B were representative of the lots themselves, this argument is valid. It reasons by comparing samples from two different groups and argues that what is true of the samples is true of the groups.

9.

The reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to the reasoning in the argument above?

  1. Every one of these varied

    Wrong Validity

    This argument reasons that what is true of each part is true of the whole. This is a common flawed method of reasoning and does not match the validity of the argument in the stimulus.

    1% picked this

  2. If a plant is carelessly

    Wrong Reasoning

    While this is a valid argument, it relies on a different reasoning structure than the argument in the stimulus. This argument rests on conditional logic, while that in the stimulus rests on comparative reasoning.

    0% picked this

  3. In the past 1,000 experiments,

    Wrong Reasoning / Wrong Validity

    This argument mistakes correlation for causation. Not only does this argument rest on different reasoning than the stimulus, it also has the wrong validity.

    1% picked this

  4. Correct

    Three thousand registered voters—1,500 members

    Why this is right

    This argument reaches a conclusion that compares the popularity of a political candidate between two groups. It reaches its conclusion by

    Skill tested: Parallel · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    98% picked this

  5. All of my livestock are

    Wrong Reasoning

    This argument rests on conditional logic, while the argument in the stimulus rests on comparative reasoning.

    0% picked this

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