Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Medium

PT142 S1 Q16 Explanation

Debater: As a pedagogical practice

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsFlaw

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Stimulus

Debater: As a pedagogical practice, lecturing embodies hierarchy, since the lecturer is superior to the student in mastery of the subject. But people learn best from peer lecturing is a great weakness.

Respondent: By definition, all teaching and learning are hierarchical, for all teaching and learning must proceed from simple to complex. In teaching mathematics, for example, arithmetic must in lecturing is a strength.

What this question is testing

Flaw

The two arguments

The debater says: lectures are hierarchical because the lecturer knows more than the student, and that person-to-person hierarchy makes for worse learning.

The respondent says: all teaching is hierarchical because the subject matter has to proceed from simple to complex (arithmetic before calculus), so hierarchy is a strength.

Evaluate

Watch how "hierarchy" shifts. The debater is talking about a hierarchy between people. The respondent is talking about a hierarchy among ideas. They're both calling it "hierarchy," but they mean different things.

Even granting that subject matter has internal order (arithmetic before calculus), that doesn't address whether the lecturer-student hierarchy is good or bad for learning. The respondent's reply applies "hierarchy" to a different aspect of education than the debater was discussing.

Goal

Find the answer that says the respondent applies the key concept to a different aspect than the debater did.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
16.

The respondent's reply to the debater's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds

Answer choices

  1. Bad Description3% picked this

    concedes one of the major assumptions on which the debater's

    The respondent doesn't concede a major assumption of the debater's argument. The debater's key claim — that person-to-person hierarchy is bad for learning — is neither granted nor addressed by the respondent. Instead, the respondent shifts to a different sense of "hierarchy."

  2. Bad Assumption6% picked this

    takes for granted that teaching methods that are effective in mathematics are also effective in

    The respondent uses math as an illustration of the simple-to-complex order, but doesn't need to assume that math methods generalize to other disciplines — the claim is that all teaching has the simple-to-complex structure. The flaw isn't about the math example; it's the shift in what "hierarchy" means.

  3. Bad Objection2% picked this

    fails to consider the possibility that some characteristics of lecturing other than

    The respondent isn't arguing that hierarchy is the only weakness — the respondent is arguing that hierarchy is a strength. Whether other characteristics are weaknesses isn't the issue, and considering them wouldn't fix the actual flaw, which is the shifted meaning of "hierarchy."

  4. Correct80% picked this

    applies a key concept to a different aspect of education than the aspect to which

    Why this is right

    This is the move precisely. The debater applied "hierarchy" to people (lecturer vs. student). The respondent applies "hierarchy" to subject matter (simple before complex). Even if both are real, they're hierarchies of different things — and the respondent's point about subject-matter ordering doesn't bear on whether person-to-person hierarchy is good or bad. The respondent has applied the key concept to a different aspect of education than the debater applied it to.

    Skill tested: Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  5. Bad Assumption9% picked this

    takes for granted that the conceptual structure of mathematics is sufficiently representative of the conceptual structure of at

    The respondent claims all teaching follows the simple-to-complex pattern, with math just as an example. The respondent doesn't need to assume math's conceptual structure represents other disciplines — that's a stronger claim than the argument requires. The actual flaw is the shift in what "hierarchy" means.

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