Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium

PT136 S3 P3 Q14 Explanation

Evolutionary Game Theory

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsLocal PurposeScience

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Passage

Traditional theories of animal behavior assert that animal conflict within a species is highly ritualized and does not vary from contest to contest. This species-specific model assumes that repetitive use of the same visual and vocal displays and an absence of escalated fighting evolved to prevent injury. The contestant that exhibits the one another and stretching their necks skyward; the tortoise perceived as being "taller" wins.

In populations of the spider Agelenopsis aperta, however, fighting behavior varies greatly from contest to contest. In addition, fighting is not limited to displays: biting and shoving are common. Susan Riechert argues that a recently developed model, evolutionary game theory, provides a closer fit to A. aperta territorial disputes than does the what constitutes winning; in evolutionary game theory, the payoffs are defined in terms of reproductive success.

In studying populations of A. aperta in a grassland habitat and a riparian habitat, Riechert predicts that such factors as the size of the opponents, the potential rate of predation in a habitat, and the probability of winning a subsequent site if the dispute is lost will all affect the behavior of fighting than in the riparian habitat, where 90 percent of the habitat is suitable for occupation.

What this question is testing

Local Purpose

Your task

Identify why the author included the referenced detail at that point in the passage — its function, not its content.

Common trap

Answers that merely repeat or summarize the topic of the detail instead of describing the role it plays.

Winning move

Ask what job the detail does for the paragraph, then for the passage's broader point.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
14.

The author of the passage mentions Galápagos tortoises in the first paragraph most likely

Answer choices

  1. Wrong Purpose / Contradiction0% picked this

    describe a kind of fighting behavior that is used by only

    The purpose of mentioning tortoises is not too describe the fighting behavior, but rather to illustrate it. Furthermore, this kind of behavior is considered to be the norm (first paragraph).

  2. Unsupported7% picked this

    suggest that repetitive use of the same visual and vocal displays is a kind of fighting behavior used by

    The passage does not discuss nonconforming examples of fighting behavior until the second paragraph.

  3. Wrong Purpose8% picked this

    provide evidence to support the claim that fighting behavior does not vary greatly from contest to

    This may be true for tortoises, but the intent of the example does not address the degree to which fighting behavior varies greatly from contest to contest.

  4. Wrong Purpose14% picked this

    provide an example of a fighting behavior that is unique to

    This may be true for tortoises, but the intent of the example does not address the uniqueness of the fighting behavior.

  5. Correct71% picked this

    provide an example of a ritualized fighting behavior of the kind that traditional theorists assume is the

    Why this is right

    This is supported in the first paragraph.

    Skill tested: Local Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

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