Reading Comprehension

PT136 · S1 · P1 · Q7 The Evolution of Publishing in a Digital Era

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The Internet makes possible the instantaneous transmission and retrieval of digital text.

Topic

How digital publishing will transform the publishing business — and create competitive pressure to pay authors a larger share of revenue.

Framework

Highlight Noteworthy / Predictive Argument. The author argues for a particular vision of digital publishing's future and its economic consequences for authors.

Main Point

Digital publishing will transform the economics of the publishing business — and the resulting shift in costs will create competitive pressure to pay authors a significantly greater share of revenue, with upstart digital publishers leading the way.

P1: A different prediction about digital publishing

It's widely assumed that printed books will be displaced by digitized books read on screens. The author thinks instead that most digital files will be printed and bound on demand at point of sale. With digitization, anyone with internet access can purchase from a practically limitless catalog — including books that would have been "out of print."

P2: Digital publishing eliminates whole categories of cost

No physical inventory means no warehousing, no shipping to wholesalers/retailers, no in-store display, no unsold-book returns. Much less expensive than traditional publishing. Digital publishing is likely to supplant or rival traditional publishing — though it'll take time to build out the catalog and printing infrastructure.

P3: Authors should get a bigger share — and competitive pressure will deliver it

With whole categories of expense eliminated, authors are responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product, so (literary agents say) they're entitled to a larger share. Currently a large percentage of publisher revenue is absorbed by costs irrelevant to digital publication. Agents will demand bigger slices for authors. Established publishers, invested in old infrastructure, will be reluctant. The opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital firms unfettered by old practices. Under that competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduce redundant functions and accommodate higher royalties — or lose authors. This explains the publishing conglomerates' caution toward the digital future.

7.

The primary purpose of the final sentence of the passage is to

  1. suggest that traditional publishing houses

    Out of Scope

    Out of Scope: have been too slow The author isn't complaining that traditional houses have been too slow. The final sentence is about the future, the years to come. The author is predicting that traditional houses will be slower to adopt digital publishing than will upstart firms.

    5% picked this

  2. Correct

    provide a broader context that

    Why this is right

    The last sentence does connect the situation the traditional publishers are going through to a broader economic pattern: Such adjustments (as the ones that traditional publishers are going through) are typical of the interval between a departing model and its successor. The author is saying, "The story I just told you about digital publishing is similar to other stories I could tell you about other industries when an old model gets replaced by a new model."

    Skill tested: Local Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    73% picked this

  3. summarize the argument for the

    Out of Scope: summarizing argument

    The final sentence is not an argument since it does not have both evidence and a conclusion. And it's not even a summary. It's a specific claim that what the publishing industry is about to go through is similar to what has happened in other industries.

    10% picked this

  4. illustrate the primary obstacle facing

    Out of Scope: primary obstacle

    The last sentence doesn't mention any obstacle that a traditional publishing house would face as they attempt to go digital. A few sentences prior, we hear that one "obstacle" in going digital would be agreeing to let authors take a bigger cut of the book revenue. This sentence doesn't provide any illustration of that (e.g. "previously the author only got 40% of net revenue, but now they're likely to demand upwards of 65%.")

    9% picked this

  5. recommend a wait-and-see approach on

    Out of Scope: recommendation

    The final sentence is not a recommendation. It just describes a situation as typical of a broader economic pattern reiterates the causal reason why big publishing houses are nervous.

    3% picked this

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