Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT133 S4 P3 Q21 Explanation

Ocean Floor Geologic Changes

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsInferenceScience

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Passage

Until the 1950s, most scientists believed that the geology of the ocean floor had remained essentially unchanged for many millions of years. But this idea became insupportable as new discoveries were made. First, scientists noticed that the ocean floor exhibited odd magnetic variations. Though unexpected, this was not entirely surprising, because it of the magnetite grains is “locked in,” recording the earth’s polarity at the time of cooling.

As more of the ocean floor was mapped, the magnetic variations revealed recognizable patterns, particularly in the area around the other great oceanic discovery of the 1950s: the global mid-ocean ridge, an immense submarine mountain range that winds its way around the earth much like the seams of a baseball. Alternating stripes oceanic crust. Over millions of years, this process, called ocean floor spreading, built the mid-ocean ridge.

This theory was supported by several lines of evidence. First, at or near the ridge crest, the rocks are very young, and they become progressively older away from the crest. Further, the youngest rocks all have normal polarity. Finally, because geophysicists had already determined the ages of continental volcanic rocks and, by is a remarkable correlation between the ages of the earth’s magnetic reversals and the striping pattern.

What this question is testing

Inference

Your task

Find what must be true based on what the passage or stimulus states.

Common trap

Answers that are plausible or likely but not actually guaranteed by the text.

Winning move

Keep only the choice the statements fully support — eliminate anything that requires an extra assumption.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
21.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by

Answer choices

  1. Correct43% picked this

    Submarine basalt found near the continents is likely to be some of the oldest rock

    Why this is right

    We can support this with the end of the 2nd paragraph and beginning of the 3rd paragraph. The mid-ocean ridge, which is the part of the ocean floor farthest from the continents is where the new magma comes out. That's why ... at or near the ridge crest (in the middle of the ocean), the rocks are very young, and they become progressively older away from the crest (headed towards the nearest continent). So since we know the middle of the ocean is where the newest rock on the ocean floor comes from and since we know that the rocks get progressively older as you move toward the continents, we know that the basalt rocks near the continents are way older than the ones in the middle of the ocean. We don't necessarily know that basalt rocks are older than other types of rocks, but the language of this answer choice is hedged a bit to allow for that (plus, it's only a Most Supported task). It's just saying "they're likely to be some of the oldest rocks".

    Skill tested: Inference · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  2. Contradicted21% picked this

    The older a sample of basalt is, the more times it has

    Once basalt cools from its liquid molten form to its rock form, the magnetite needles freeze in place. That's the only "polarity" we could speak of a sample of basalt having. So all basalt only has one polarity that's locked in when it cools. It never reverses.

  3. Unknown Comparison: sea vs. land10% picked this

    Compass readings are more likely to become distorted at sea than

    We don't have any way to compare the magnetic disturbances of the basalt in the ocean to potential magnetic disturbances of basalt (or other magnetic stuff) on land.

  4. Out of Scope: magnetic fields weaken9% picked this

    The magnetic fields surrounding magnetite grains gradually weaken over millions of years on

    Nothing in the passage ever talked about the magnetic field of anything weakening over time, only the magnetic field of earth periodically reversing polarity.

  5. Contradicted17% picked this

    Any rock that exhibits present-day magnetic polarity was formed after the latest reversal of the

    There are only two polarities, normal or inverted (positive charge on the North pole or on the South pole). The earth's magnetic field has oscillated back and forth between normal and reversed polarity many times through Earth's history. If we're currently on version 100 of earth's magnetic field, then we have same polarity as version 98, 96, 94, etc. Any rock that was formed during version 98, 96, 94, etc., would exhibit present-day magnetic polarity, even though it wasn't formed during version 100. If we think about the striping pattern on the ocean floor ... every 2nd stripe will have rocks that match present-day polarity.

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