Reading Comprehension

PT130 · S2 · P2 · Q13 Philip Emeagwali

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This passage was adapted from articles published in the 1990s.

Topic

Philip Emeagwali’s breakthroughs in computer design by modeling network systems after patterns found in nature.

Framework

Highlight Noteworthy

Main Point

Emeagwali achieved major advances in parallel computing by designing computer systems inspired by natural processes like tree branching and honeycombs, and he believes this nature-inspired approach will shape the future of technology. (Most Valuable Sentence: Appears at the end of the final paragraph—)

P1: Emeagwali’s Early Breakthrough—Parallel Computers Inspired by Nature

In the 1980s, Emeagwali pioneered the use of massively parallel computers that could solve tough problems like modeling oil flow, showing that using lots of computers working together (inspired by nature) was way faster and more effective than traditional supercomputers operating one step at a time.

P2: How Nature’s Structures Inspired an Efficient Solution

To handle extremely complicated calculations needed for oil flow modeling, Emeagwali connected over 65,000 computers via the Internet and used the idea of how trees branch out efficiently to guide how the network shared tasks—showing that copying nature’s branching patterns led to a breakthrough in how parallel computing could work.

P3: Applying Nature’s Patterns Further—Honeycomb Computers and the Future

In 1996, Emeagwali designed a new computer system (this time modeled after the hexagonal structure of bee honeycombs) that he claims could predict weather far into the future. He argues that future discoveries in technology will come from imitating nature’s efficient designs.

13.

It can be inferred from the passage that one of the reasons massively parallel computers had not been used to model oil field flow prior to 1989 is that

  1. supercomputers are sufficiently powerful to

    Opposite

    We were told at the end of the first paragraph that supercomputers were not up to the job.

    4% picked this

  2. the possibility of using a

    No Support: not yet considered

    This is certainly something we might speculate, but we don't have any line reference to go off of. The passage doesn't indicate that Emeagwali was the first person to even consider using a network of smaller computers to solve a difficult problem.

    37% picked this

  3. the general public was not

    Out of Scope: general public aware

    We know that E used the Internet to connect more than 65,000 computers, but we don't know if this involved harnessing the general public's awareness of the existence / capabilities of the Internet. So we can't support the idea that lack of awareness on the part of the general public was previously an obstacle.

    1% picked this

  4. oil companies had not yet

    Out of Scope: hadn't perceived need

    This is not only unsupported, but it's not a very plausible notion. It's hard to imagine that oil companies didn't see the need / value in being able to predict the flow of oil in subterranean fields.

    1% picked this

  5. Correct

    smaller computers can interfere with

    Why this is right

    The reason LSAC will let us speculate that this is what was holding people back prior to 1989 is that the passage explicitly says that one of the great difficulties of parallel computing is figuring out how to divide up the tasks so that individual computers don't interfere with each other. E's signature insight (using the mathematics of tree-branching) was the way we moved past this problem, so prior to his insight, we were stymied by this problem.

    Skill tested: Inference · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    57% picked this

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