Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium

PT130 S2 P2 Q11 Explanation

Philip Emeagwali

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsLocal PurposeScience

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Passage

This passage was adapted from articles published in

The success that Nigerian-born computer scientist Philip Emeagwali (b. 1954) has had in designing computers that solve real-world problems has been fueled by his willingness to reach beyond established paradigms and draw inspiration for his designs from nature. In the 1980s, Emeagwali achieved breakthroughs in the design of parallel computer systems. Whereas supercomputers worked sequentially, they were too slow and inefficient to accurately predict such extremely complex movements.

To model oil field flow using a computer requires the simulation of the distribution of the oil at tens of thousands of locations throughout the field. At each location, hundreds of simultaneous calculations must be made at regular time intervals relating to such variables as temperature, direction of oil flow, viscosity, and gather and broadcast the largest quantity of messages to its processing points in the shortest time.

In 1996 Emeagwali had another breakthrough when he presented the design for a massively parallel computer that he claims will be powerful enough to predict global weather patterns a century in advance. The computer’s design is based on the geometry of bees’ honeycombs, which use an extremely efficient three-dimensional spacing. Emeagwali believes understand the systems evolved by nature and, thereby, to facilitate the evolution of human technology.

What this question is testing

Local Purpose

Your task

Identify why the author included the referenced detail at that point in the passage — its function, not its content.

Common trap

Answers that merely repeat or summarize the topic of the detail instead of describing the role it plays.

Winning move

Ask what job the detail does for the paragraph, then for the passage's broader point.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
11.

Which one of the following most accurately describes the function of the first two sentences of

Answer choices

  1. Out of Scope: Established paradigm13% picked this

    They provide an example of an established paradigm that Emeagwali's work

    The first two sentences are just talking to us about the specific technical challenges of modeling oil flow. They aren't presenting any established paradigm that Emeagwali is challenging. We could potentially say that "sequential computing" is a paradigm that Emeagwali is 'challenging' by using "parallel computing" instead, but that's a bad stretch of language, and the first two sentences of the 2nd paragraph aren't saying anything about sequential computing.

  2. Correct73% picked this

    They help explain why supercomputers are unable to accurately predict the movements of oil through

    Why this is right

    This is closest to what we were looking for, and like 85% of Local Purpose questions, the correct answer sounds like language from the sentence before the detail they're asking us about. The end of the 1st paragraph was stressing how the problem of modeling oil flow was so complex that sequential supercomputers were still too slow to handle it. The first sentences of the 2nd paragraph help us understand the complexity (at each of tens of thousands of different locations we have to make hundreds of simultaneous calculations).

    Skill tested: Local Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  3. Out of Scope: network design6% picked this

    They provide examples of a network design based on the mathematical principles underlying the branching

    Nothing in these two highlighted sentences provides an example of a network design. It's just telling us what math operations one has to do in order to model how an oil field flows. Later in the passage we'll learn that Emeagwali tacked this problem using the branching structure of trees, but we haven't heard about that yet, and these sentences just describe a computational task, not the design of a network that is attempting to carry out that computational task.

  4. Out of Scope: mathematical model7% picked this

    They describe a mathematical model that Emeagwali used in order to understand

    The two sentences aren't describing any mathematical model. They're describing what is needed in order to mathematically model/simulate oil flow. A mathematical model would need to be able to do what is talked about in these two sentences, but these two sentences don't talk about a mathematical model. Emeagwali used a mathematical principle underlying the natural system of tree branching in order to mathematically model the flow of an oil field.

  5. Out of Scope: paradigm shift1% picked this

    They provide specific examples of a paradigm shift that will help scientists understand certain systems

    The first two sentences of this 2nd paragraph are talking to us about the specific technical challenges of modeling oil flow. They aren't presenting any paradigm that would guide scientists in future inquiries. They're just saying, "In order to get a computer to successfully predict the flow of oil, you have to do X, Y, and Z."

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