Logical Reasoning

PT128 · S3 · Q22 Critic: Historians purport to discover

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Critic: Historians purport to discover the patterns inherent in the course of events.

Conclusion (Thus)

Histories reveal more about the presuppositions underlying different historians' attempts to understand what happened than about what actually happened.

Evidence

By choosing what to include or exclude in their narratives, historians impose patterns rather than discover inherent ones.

Evaluate

We only have one premise. We know what historians do, and the conclusion is about what histories reveal. So it seems like they're setting up a Missing Link type of assumption: "If historians do X, then history reveals Y".

What do historians do? They choose what to include/exclude from history, thereby imposing patterns.

What does history supposedly reveal? The presuppositions (i.e. assumptions) that historians have in their heads as they attempt to understand what happened in the past.

Goal

It seems like the answer will connect "imposing patterns" or "choosing what to include/exclude" to "the historian's presuppositions".

22.

The critic's argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?

  1. Historians have many presuppositions in

    Irrelevant Comparison

    It doesn't matter whether historians have the same presuppositions or different ones. All the author/argument cares about is that a given historian's presuppositions get reflected by what the historian has chosen to include/exclude and thereby what pattern they have imposed.

    2% picked this

  2. There is no way to

    Too Strong (no way)

    This may seem like an inference we could take away from the premise (Hey, if historians are imposing patterns, then they're all arbitrary and no one knows whether the pattern is real or not). But it's too strong and has nothing to do with the reasoning move to the conclusion. 1st: we aren't in the business of trying to figure out what can be inferred from a premise. If that's why we're liking an answer on NA, we want to remind ourselves that we're looking at the wrong place. Our answer should deal with the move to the conclusion, not just with a premise. 2nd: negating this doesn't hurt the argument. If there is a way to determine with certainty whether a historian's imposed pattern is actually present, that doesn't hurt the author. The author could happily accept that there are ways with certainty to know that a historian's imposed pattern is not actually present.

    14% picked this

  3. Historians presuppose that certain historical

    Out of Scope (many different eras)

    There's no reason the author needs to think that the patterns historians impose apply to many different eras. If the patterns they impose supposedly apply to only a few eras, that doesn't hurt the argument in any way.

    3% picked this

  4. Most historians cannot become aware

    Irrelevant Quality

    The word "most" is super sketchy in NA. Who cares if 51% vs. 49% of historians can become aware of their own assumptions? All the author cares about are whether those assumptions are reflected in the patterns historians impose via including/excluding certain things. "Awareness" wouldn't be relevant unless we were saying that historians could become aware of their assumptions and make sure not to let those assumptions affect the way they choose what to include/exclude.

    5% picked this

  5. Correct

    Which pattern a historian imposes

    Why this is right

    This provides a missing link between what we were told historians do (they impose patterns on events) and what the conclusion is telling us histories reveal (the historian's presuppositions).

    Skill tested: Necessary Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    76% picked this

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