Logical Reasoning

PT124 · S1 · Q24 People perceive color by means

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People perceive color by means of certain photopigments in the retina that are sensitive to certain wavelengths of light.

Apparent Paradox

People perceive color by means of certain photopigments in the retina that are sensitive to certain wavelengths of light.

People who are color blind are unable to distinguish between red and green, for example, due to an absence of certain photopigments.

What is difficult to explain, however, is that in a study of people who easily distinguish red from green, 10 to 20 percent failed to report distinctions between many shades of red that the majority of the subjects were able to distinguish.

Evaluate

The last statement is the result that needs to be explained. What’s the drive for explanation? The pivot at the beginning of that statement rules out the possibility that the absence of certain photopigments is not the explanation. Four of the following answers will provide an explanation for why 10-20% of those who can distinguish between green and red cannot distinguish between certain shades of red.

24.

Each of the following, if true, helps to explain the result of the study cited above EXCEPT:

  1. People with abnormally low concentrations

    Possible Explanation

    This is an alternative to the absence of certain photopigments. It suggests that abnormally low concentrations of the photopigments for perceiving red are the issue.

    5% picked this

  2. Questions that ask subjects to

    Possible Explanation

    This is an alternative to the absence of certain photopigments. It suggests that the study's ability to ask clear questions is the issue.

    6% picked this

  3. Some people are uninterested in

    Possible Explanation

    This is an alternative to the absence of certain photopigments. It suggests that people sometimes simply fail to notice or report the difference between fine gradations of color.

    4% picked this

  4. Correct

    Some people are unable to

    Why this is right

    This is about distinguishing red from green. What needs to be explained is why people failed to distinguish between different shades of red.

    Skill tested: Paradox · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    81% picked this

  5. Some people fail to report

    Possible Explanation

    This is an alternative to the absence of certain photopigments. It suggests that vocabulary is the issue.

    4% picked this

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