Logical Reasoning

PT122 · S2 · Q23 Commentator: Human behavior cannot be

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Commentator: Human behavior cannot be fully understood without inquiring into nonphysical aspects of persons.

Conclusion

Human behavior cannot be fully understood without inquiring into nonphysical aspects of persons.

Evidence (as evidence of this)

Suppose we had a complete scientific account of the physical aspects of some human action. Even with all that we would obviously still not truly comprehend the action or know why it occurred.

Evaluate

This argument is about whether or not we can fully understand human behavior using only physical descriptions, or whether to fully understand human behavior you would need some nonphysical information too (like their thoughts).

This is essentially the Mind / Body problem from philosophy. Are humans reducible to our constituent physical processes, or is there something like a Mind / Soul that is not captured by our physical properties? (I even wrote a song about it)

This author is arguing that we aren't reducible to our physical parts. There's more to us than just the physical explanation of what our bodies are doing. He says that if we had a complete physical account, we still wouldn't truly comprehend the action or know why it occurred.

If you were a materialist or determinist who thought that humans are reducible to physical terms what would you say in response?

We would probably just say,

Goal

It's hard to say exactly how we should complain about this argument. It feels like the author is just insisting that a complete physical explanation still isn't truly a full explanation. Why not? He doesn't really give a reason. He just says, even then we still wouldn't know why an action occurred.

Let's look for something that is like,

23.

Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning?

  1. No support is offered for

    Too Strong

    Too Strong: only superficially Out of Scope: analogy The support isn't an analogy. It's more like a thought experiment. The author isn't giving us a related situation that has the same principle as the conversation we're having. The author is giving us a hypothetical situation to ponder, in order to discuss the conversation we're having. And saying it relates only superficially doesn't seem right. It seems to relate completely. The conclusion is about whether or not we need to appeal to nonphysical aspects to fully understand human behavior, and the thought experiment is about whether or not we would fully understand this human action if we knew every physical aspect.

    18% picked this

  2. Correct

    The purported evidence that it

    Why this is right

    When a Flaw answer says that the evidence is a restatement of the conclusion or that the evidence presumes the truth of the conclusion, it's alluding to the famous Circular reasoning flaw. A circular argument doesn't really have a premise. The author says "Clinton was the best President, because no President was better than Clinton". If you accept the premise, then you have to accept the conclusion, because they're pretty much one in the same. If we accept the premise that, "even with a complete physical account, you still wouldn't truly understand a human action", then we have no way to fight the conclusion, which is saying "a physical account of a human action is not enough to fully understand it". Someone who doesn't believe that we need to refer to thoughts / mind / soul to explain human actions would think that if we have a complete physical account of an action then we do truly comprehend it. The author only thinks that even with all that we still wouldn't comprehend it because she is presuming that her conclusion is true. Answer choices for Circular arguments appear all the time on Flaw, but actual circular arguments are crazy rare (maybe 3 or 4 ever). So enjoy this one!

    Skill tested: Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    65% picked this

  3. It concludes that a proposition

    Wrong Flaw: Unproven vs. Proven False

    This refers to one of the other ten Famous flaws. The author does conclude a proposition is true in some sense. The proposition would be "human behavior can't be fully understood on a purely physical level". Does the evidence say, "People have never been able to prove that human behavior can be fully understood on a purely physical level"? No, it's nothing like that. It doesn't address anyone's efforts to prove the opposite claim.

    10% picked this

  4. It fails to indicate whether

    Not a Flaw

    We don't really require of authors that they announce whether or not they're aware of any evidence that could undermine their conclusion. If we take a famous, valid argument like, "All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Thus, Socrates is mortal", that argument failed to indicate whether the speaker is aware of any evidence that could undermine the conclusion. But we aren't going to criticize the reasoning of the argument because of that. After all, the reasoning is fine!

    2% picked this

  5. It presumes, without providing justification,

    Too Strong: any

    This argument definitely does not commit itself to the crazy extreme idea that science can provide a complete account of any physical phenomenon. The author is just presenting a hypothetical thought experiment. She says, "Suppose we can a complete account of X". The author isn't saying that science actually can provide a complete account of X. She's just saying, "suppose it could. pretend, for the sake of argument, that it could." And she's only talking about complete accounts of human actions -- this answer accuses her of committing to the idea that science can provide a complete account of quantum gravity, hiccups, yawning, each of Earth's five mass extinctions, etc.

    5% picked this

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