Logical Reasoning

PT119 · S4 · Q13 James: Many people claim that

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James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues.

James's Implied Conclusion

The voting public is able to evaluate complex campaign issues.

James's Evidence

Reade's campaign discusses complex campaign issues, and she's currently the most popular candidate. (causal assumption being made is that 'discussing complex campaign issues is a big reason why she's the most popular').

Maria's Conclusion

It's wrong to say the reason Reade is leading in the polls is that she discusses complex campaign issues.

Maria's Evidence (alt. explanation)

She's leading the polls because voters think she's the most competent and trustworthy candidate.

Evaluate / Goal

The author is rejecting one explanation for why Reade is most popular (voters like that she discusses complex campaign issues) and is trying to sell us on an alternate explanation (voters think Reade is most competent and trustworthy.

So let's look for an answer that either hurts the complex issue hypothesis or that helps the competent and trustworthy hypothesis.

13.

Which one of the following, if true, most supports Maria's counter to James?

  1. Reade’s opponents are discussing some

    Unclear Impact / Too Weak

    This would potentially be a good answer if it assured us that Reade's opponents are also discussing complex issues. But this only says that they're discussing "some" of the same issue (some = at least one), and so we don't know if any of those mutually-discussed issues are one of the complex ones.

    20% picked this

  2. Reade’s opponents charge that Reade

    Weak Impact

    One of our goals was to argue "Reade isn't popular because she discusses complex issues". Can we say, "After all, her critics accuse her of oversimplifying those complex issues"? Not really. If the opponents are accusing Reade of oversimplifying, then we can tell that Reade is doing at least some simplifying of these complex issues. But if you're simplifying complex issues as you're discussing them, that would potentially be appealing to voters. So this answer might actually help the plausibility that Reade's discussion of complex issues is a big part of her popularity.

    4% picked this

  3. Polling data show that Reade’s

    No Impact

    A decline in popularity doesn't tell us why the popularity existed in the first place. This doesn't help us assess whether popularity came more from discussing complex issues or appearing competent / trustworthy.

    0% picked this

  4. Correct

    Polling data show that most

    Why this is right

    This hurts James's hypothesis that the reason for Reade's popularity is her discussion of complex issues. If people found her compelling because of those discussions, then they would presumably know her positions on those issues. Instead, if she's the most popular even though most people don't know what she specifically stands for, then it sounds like her appeal is more likely coming from personal characteristics (like charisma, competence, trustworthiness).

    Skill tested: Strengthen · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    67% picked this

  5. Polling data show that some

    Too Weak: Some

    The word Some (or any other word that only represents at least one data point) is almost never correct on Strengthen, Weaken, Paradox, and Sufficient Assumption. This does support the plausibility of Maria's hypothesis, but it only provides one data point, whereas the correct answer addresses most voters, which is a much bigger data set.

    9% picked this

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