Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT119 S1 P4 Q27 Explanation

Preventing Harm

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsMeaning in ContextLaw

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Passage

Many legal theorists have argued that the only morally legitimate goal in imposing criminal penalties against certain behaviors is to prevent people from harming others. Clearly, such theorists would oppose laws that force people to act purely for their own good or to refrain from certain harmless acts purely to ensure conformity nonconforming behavior to which this goal might at first seem not to apply.

In many situations it is in the interest of each member of a group to agree to behave in a certain way on the condition that the others similarly agree. In the simplest cases, a mere coordination of activities is itself the good that results. For example, it is in no one’s burglary and assault; instead, it is the lack of a coordinating rule that would be harmful.

In some other situations involving a need for legally enforced coordination, the harm to be averted goes beyond the simple lack of coordination itself. This can be illustrated by an example of a coordination rule—instituted by a private athletic organization—which has analogies in criminal law. At issue is whether the use of somewhat complex appeal to the legitimacy of enforcing a rule with the goal of preventing harm.

What this question is testing

Meaning in Context

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
27.

In the third paragraph, the author uses the expression “somewhat complex” primarily to

Answer choices

  1. Out of Scope1% picked this

    involves two layers of law, one governing the private sector and the other governing

    Out of Scope: two layers Unrelated to Goal The passage never talks about different legal layers for private vs. public. And this doesn't sound like our prediction, "convoluted / indirect / roundabout / circuitous / initially counterintuitive" reasoning.

  2. Too Strong: requires Unrelated to Goal23% picked this

    requires that those affected by the rule understand the motivation behind

    This doesn't sound like our prediction, "convoluted / indirect / roundabout / circuitous / initially counterintuitive" reasoning. This is talking about transparent, open, candid reasoning.

  3. Correct60% picked this

    involves a case in which a harm to be prevented is indirectly related to the kind of act

    Why this is right

    The author's thesis is that a lot of laws that seem like they're not aimed at preventing harm to others (e.g. drive on the right side! don't take steroids!) ultimately are about preventing harm to others, you just have to think through a slightly longer causal chain to get there. Yes, driving on the left isn't inherently dangerous in and of itself, so forbidding it doesn't seem like it's preventing harm to others. But if we didn't have some arbitrary coordinating rule, then it would be inherently dangerous. So, indirectly, because it's superior to not having any coordinating rule at all, saying "Thou shalt drive on right side" actually is aimed at preventing harm to others. Similarly, banning steroids does have one effect which is preventing harm to the culprit, not to others. But ... if we widen the lens, Johnny Steroids isn't just hurting Johnny. He's raising the bar of what a human body can do, so his competition is pressured into hurting themselves by also taking steroids. Both of these laws appeal to the goal of preventing harm, but it's a complex appeal because our surface impression is that we're merely mandating conformity or merely protecting people from themselves.

    Skill tested: Meaning in Context · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Out of Scope3% picked this

    can convince athletes that their health is as important as their

    Out of Scope: convince athletes Unrelated to Goal This final sentence is about convincing legal theorists that we really are holding to their standard of "rules must have goal of preventing harm to others". It has nothing to do with convincing athletes of anything. This doesn't sound like our prediction, "convoluted / indirect / roundabout / circuitous / initially counterintuitive" reasoning.

  5. Broken Ending14% picked this

    illustrates how appeals to the need for coordination can be used to justify many rules that

    This answer would be totally usable up until the final ingredient. The "somewhat complex appeal" refers to reasoning that illustrates how the need for coordination can justify many rules that do not at first seem related to the goal of preventing harm.

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