Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT119 S1 P4 Q22 Explanation

Preventing Harm

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsMain PointLaw

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Passage

Many legal theorists have argued that the only morally legitimate goal in imposing criminal penalties against certain behaviors is to prevent people from harming others. Clearly, such theorists would oppose laws that force people to act purely for their own good or to refrain from certain harmless acts purely to ensure conformity nonconforming behavior to which this goal might at first seem not to apply.

In many situations it is in the interest of each member of a group to agree to behave in a certain way on the condition that the others similarly agree. In the simplest cases, a mere coordination of activities is itself the good that results. For example, it is in no one’s burglary and assault; instead, it is the lack of a coordinating rule that would be harmful.

In some other situations involving a need for legally enforced coordination, the harm to be averted goes beyond the simple lack of coordination itself. This can be illustrated by an example of a coordination rule—instituted by a private athletic organization—which has analogies in criminal law. At issue is whether the use of somewhat complex appeal to the legitimacy of enforcing a rule with the goal of preventing harm.

What this question is testing

Main Point

Your task

Capture the passage's overall primary point — the claim everything else supports.

Common trap

Answers that are true but too narrow (a single paragraph) or too broad (beyond the passage's scope).

Winning move

Summarize the whole passage in one sentence first, then match it to a choice.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
22.

Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of

Answer choices

  1. Too Strong2% picked this

    In order to be morally justifiable, laws prohibiting activities that are not inherently harm-producing must

    Too Strong: must apply equally to all Wrong Emphasis The main clause here is that "Laws prohibiting harmless activities must apply equitably to everyone". Not only is that a crazy-extreme sounding proclamation that the author never made, it's also not at all reinforcing the main point: there are laws prohibiting seemingly harmless activities that are still justified because of the goal of preventing harm to others

  2. Wrong Emphasis: harm to individual10% picked this

    It is justifiable to require social conformity where noncompliance would be harmful to either the nonconforming individual

    The author's main point is fairly close to the idea of "it can be justifiable to require social conformity, if noncompliance would be harmful to others", but this answer is saying it's justifiable even if noncompliance would just be harmful to the nonconforming individual. The theorists in the 1st paragraph oppose laws that try to prohibit an individual from harming themselves. They support laws that try to prohibit an individual from harming others. The author's main point is that some laws that initially look like they're just forcing people to conform to an arbitrary rule, or preventing someone from doing something that could cause self-harm, are actually still trying to prevent an individual from harming others. According to this answer, it would be justified to mandate driving on the right side of the road if driving on the left side of the road would hurt the the driver. And it would be justified to forbid steroids if taking steroids would harm the user. But the passage was saying that we mandate driving on the right side of the road to protect all the other drivers on the road. And we forbid steroids because we're looking out for all the other people this steroid user would have to compete with.

  3. Out of Scope: directly harmful actions18% picked this

    Achieving coordination can be argued to be a morally legitimate justification for rules that prevent directly harmful actions and others

    This passage didn't deal with any actions that are directly harmful. It was sort of a given from the start that we all agree that preventing directly harmful actions is a justified reason for laws. The author wanted to talk about laws that outlaw behavior that clearly isn't directly harmful. The author was showing that some of these laws are still justified by the goal of preventing harm because if there weren't this law it could indirectly lead to harming others.

  4. Too Strong: always justified1% picked this

    It is reasonable to hold that restricting individual liberty is always justified on the basis of

    The author never implied that "restricting liberty is always justified on the basis of mutually agreed-upon community standards". Her thesis is that "some forms of nonconforming behavior are outlawed because of the goal of preventing harm to others".

  5. Correct69% picked this

    The principle of preventing harm to others can be used to justify laws that do not at first glance appear to be

    Why this is right

    This aligns very well with our two Most Valuable Sentences, the end of the 1st paragraph and the end of the 3rd. Both of those spots are where we find the main Theme the author wants to illustrate. In particular, the end of the 1st (the most common place to find a Most Valuable Sentence) is where the author expresses the big idea, and this answer closely paraphrases that line. - (end of 1st) the goal of preventing harm to others would also justify legal sanctions against some forms of nonconforming behavior to which this goal might at first seem not to apply

    Skill tested: Main Point · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

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