Logical Reasoning

PT116 · S2 · Q17 No small countries and no

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No small countries and no countries in the southern hemisphere have permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council.

Statements

There are a lot of conditionals here (no, no, each) and then one Some statement. We should get those conditionals ready (possibly diagram them) and then see if any of the chain together. Then we can check to see if the Some statement triggers any of the conditionals.

Small country → ~perm seat on UNSC

In southern → ~perm seat on UNSC hemisphere

perm seat → favor more peace efforts AND on UNSC favor greater role for UN in moderating regional disputes

Do these chain together? No. But if we contrapose the first two, they will also have the trigger of "perm seat on UNSC".

There are basically four things we know if you have a permanent seat on the UNSC: not small, not southern, favor increased peacekeeping efforts, and favor greater role for UN in moderating regional disputes.

The last statement says Some who favor greater are firmly against role in moderating more spending regional disputes on refugees

Are either one of these ideas the trigger for a conditinoal?

Nope. The 2nd idea (firmly against refugee spending) is brand new. The other idea (increased peacekeeping efforts) is an outcome, not a trigger, so there's no inference we can make combining the Some fact with the All facts.

(If I said , you would probably realize there's no forced overlap where Some member of the Dallas Cowboys lives in France. Same thing here. "All A's are B" + "Some B's are C" doesn't lead to any inference).

Goal

So since the last fact was useless, the correct answer will probably make a Trait Overlap answer out of the four things we know are true about permanent seats on the UNSC: not small not southern favor increased peacekeeping favor greater role moderating regional disputes

17.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

  1. Some small countries do not

    Could Be False

    We don't know anything about small countries except that they don't have a permanent seat on the UNSC. It's possible that all small countries want the UN to increase spending on refugees. The countries in the last sentence might all be large.

    3% picked this

  2. Some countries in the southern

    Could Be False

    We don't know anything about southern countries except that they don't have a permanent seat on the UNSC. It's possible that all southern hemisphere countries want the UN to increase its peacekeeping efforts.

    1% picked this

  3. Some countries that have permanent

    Could Be False

    We have no way of linking permanent seat on the UNSC to the last sentence, so we have no idea if any of five countries with permanent seats on the UNSC are against increased spending. They might all be in favor, and the countries discussed in the last sentence are just other countries who favor increased peacekeeping.

    33% picked this

  4. Some small countries are in

    Could Be False

    We don't know anything about small countries except that they don't have a permanent seat on the UNSC. It's possible that all small countries are against the UN increasing its role in moderating regional disputes.

    1% picked this

  5. Correct

    Some countries that are in

    Why this is right

    We know that all five countries with permanent seats on the UNSC are not small not southern hemisphere favor a greater role for moderating regional disputes favor increased peacekeeping efforts So we know that "some" countries in favor of a greater role for moderating regional disputes are also not in the southern hemisphere (we know there are at least five countries where both these traits overlap).

    Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    62% picked this

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