Logical Reasoning

PT114 · S4 · Q16 People who do not believe

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People who do not believe that others distrust them are confident in their own abilities, so people who tend to trust others think of a difficult task as a challenge rather than a threat, since this is precisely how people who are confident in their own abilities regard such tasks.

Conclusion (so)

People who tend to trust others think of a hard task as challenging, not threatening.

Evidence (since)

People who are confident in their own abilities think of a hard task as challenging, not threatening.

People who do not believe that others distrust them are confident in their own abilities.

Evaluate

One great question to ask ourselves once we've found the Conclusion on Sufficient Assumption is, "are there any New Terms in the Conclusion?" (because, if so, they must be in the correct answer).

The conclusion can be divided into a Naming Part and a Telling Part.

N A M I N G P A R T | T E L L I N G P A R T People who tend think of hard task as to trust others challenge, not threat

Does the evidence ever talk about "People who tend to trust others"?

Nope. It talks about "People who don't believe that others distrust them". Those are very different things. The first is about whether you trust others. The second is about whether you think that others trust you.

For brevity, we'll call "People who tend to trust others", "Trusting people". We'll call, "People who don't think that others distrust them", "Trustworthy people".

The author must be assuming some link between these, since the closest the evidence ever comes to mentioning the "Trusting people" in the conclusion is the claim we get about "Trustworthy people".

The second half of the conclusion "think of hard task as challenge, not threat" is matched up in the evidence, since the last premise says .

So formally, here's the logic path we're trying to create with the Conclusion:

tend to think hard task trust -------------------------------> challenge others not threat

Here is what the evidence has given us: think others confident think hard task don't → in own → challenge distrust you abilities not threat

To complete the Conclusion's logic path, what piece needs to be added to our evidence?

Goal

tend to think others trust → don't others distrust you

16.

The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

  1. People who believe that others

    Half Wrong

    We were looking for this: tend to ? think others don't trust others distrust you This answer is almost the contrapositive, but the 2nd idea still says "tend to trust others", and we would want it to say "do not tend to trust other" This answer: think others ? tend to distrust you trust others

    4% picked this

  2. Confidence in one’s own abilities

    Unrelated to Goal

    This doesn't look like the missing link we want: tend to trust others ? think others don't distrust you This answer provides this: confident in ---------> confident in own abilities trust of others Our premises gave us this: think others confident think hard task don't ? in own ? challenge distrust you abilities not threat Can we combine those to derive this? tend to think hard task trust -------------------------------> challenge others not threat Of course not. And the easiest way to see this from a bird's eye view is that we will don't have any rule that sounds like tend to trust ? [something] others Since the evidence never gave us a piece like that, if an answer choice doesn't give us that piece, we'll never be able to build the Conclusion's logic path.

    24% picked this

  3. Correct

    People who tend to trust

    Why this is right

    This is exactly what we were looking for: tend to think others trust ? don't others distrust you We're trying to build this logic path in order to prove the Conclusion: tend to think hard task trust -------------------------------> challenge others not threat This answer choice gives us this tend don't think to trust ? others others distrust you The evidence gave us this don't think confident think hard task others ? in own ? challenge distrust you abilities not threat The answer snaps onto the evidence to create the logic path of the Conclusion.

    Skill tested: Sufficient Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    61% picked this

  4. People who are not threatened

    Unrelated to Goal

    If an answer choice isn't talking about "people who tend to trust others", then it's worthless to us. The evidence didn't tell us anything about those types of people, so if this answer choice also doesn't tell us anything about them, then there's no way to derive a conclusion about them.

    8% picked this

  5. People tend to distrust those

    Unrelated to Goal

    If an answer choice isn't talking about "people who tend to trust others", then it's worthless to us. The evidence didn't tell us anything about those types of people, so if this answer choice also doesn't tell us anything about them, then there's no way to derive a conclusion about them.

    3% picked this

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