Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT107 S2 P2 Q8 Explanation

Traditional Languages

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsMain PointSociety

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Passage

Tribal communities in North America believe that their traditional languages are valuable resources that must be maintained. However, these traditional languages can fall into disuse when some of the effects of the majority culture on tribal life serve as barriers between a community and its traditional forms of social, economic, or spiritual serious and have taken action to prevent it, primarily through community self-teaching.

Before any community can systemically and formally teach a traditional language to its younger members, it must first document the language’s grammar; for example, a group of Northern Utes spent two years conducting a thorough analysis and classification of Northern Ute linguistic structures. The grammatical information is then arranged in sequence from in ways that will be most useful and appropriate to the culture.

Certain obstacles can stand in the way of developing these teaching methods. One is the difficulty a community may encounter when it attempts to write down elements (particularly the spellings of words) of a language that has been primarily oral for centuries, as is often the case with traditional languages. Sometimes this unique written equivalent—a desirable but ultimately frustrating condition that no written language has ever fully satisfied.

Another obstacle is dialect. There may be many language traditions in a particular community; which one is to be written down and taught? The Northern Utes decided not to standardize their language, agreeing that various phonetic spellings of words would be accepted as long as their meanings were clear. Although this troubled instruction in the Northern Ute language, even elementary school children could write and speak it effectively.

It has been argued that the attempt to write down traditional languages is misguided and unnecessary; after all, in many cases these languages have been transmitted in their oral form since their origins. Defenders of the practice counter that they are writing down their languages precisely because of a general decline in effort to eschew aspects of the majority culture that make this preservation difficult.

What this question is testing

Main Point

Your task

Capture the passage's overall primary point — the claim everything else supports.

Common trap

Answers that are true but too narrow (a single paragraph) or too broad (beyond the passage's scope).

Winning move

Summarize the whole passage in one sentence first, then match it to a choice.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
8.

Which one of the following most accurately states the main idea of

Answer choices

  1. Wrong Emphasis6% picked this

    In the face of the pervasive influences of the majority culture, some tribes are having difficulty teaching their traditional

    Everything about this answer seems workable, except for the emphasis of its main clause. If we switched it from "some tribes are having difficulty teaching their traditional languages" to something like "some tribes are choosing to teach their traditional languages", then it would be fine. As written, this answer makes it sound like the passage was primarily about the Problem of teaching traditional language. In reality, the Problem was traditional languages are disappearing, and the Solution was to teach the traditional language. Yes, there are difficult obstacles to deal with as you embark on the process of trying to teach a traditional language, but the passage doesn't spend any time talking about how younger tribe members are struggling to learn it.

  2. Too Strong: necessary3% picked this

    If tribes are to continue to hold on to their cultures in the face of majority culture influences, it is necessary for them to

    This is pretty close to the correct big picture; it's just phrased too severely. Where can we point to that would justify saying that the author claimed that teaching traditional languages is necessary for tribes to hold on to their cultures? The first paragraph uses much softer language: - traditional language can fall into disuse in the face of majority culture influences - in some communities the barrier has been overcome because they've started teaching these languages

  3. Trap3% picked this

    Responding to doubts about the value of preserving oral forms of culture, some tribes, using techniques of Western-style linguistics, have taught their

    Unsupported Causal Relationship Wrong Emphasis: Western linguistics The first clause is saying that what has caused some tribes to start teaching traditional languages is "doubts about the value of preserving oral forms of culture". That's not what the passage identifies as the causal catalyst. The second sentence of the passage says that the background conditions prompting this were that the languages were falling into disuse because the majority culture was creating a barrier between a community and its traditional interaction. This answer also gets weird by elevating "Western-style linguistics" to the main point, when that didn't play any central role in the passage. In fact, in the one sentence where that appears, it doesn't even appear in the main clause of that sentence.

  4. Correct71% picked this

    Recognizing the value of their traditional languages, some tribes, despite the difficulties involved, have developed programs to teach their traditional

    Why this is right

    The first clause nicely captures the first two sentences of the passage where we lay out the Problem (tribal communities believe their traditional languages are valuable resources, however, those languages are falling into disuse). The little phrase about "despite the difficulties involved" captures the 3rd and 4th paragraphs, in which we discuss obstacles. And the main clause, "some tribes have developed programs to teach traditional languages" sounds like it's naming the Solution without going over the top and saying it's 'necessary'.

    Skill tested: Main Point · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  5. Out of Scope: inherent contradiction17% picked this

    Sidestepping the inherent contradiction of preserving oral forms of culture in writing, some tribes are attempting, eschewing the influences of the majority culture, to

    The main clause here is fine: some tribes are attempting to teach their traditional languages to younger tribe members. In fact, weirdly, all five answers had a main clause that was pretty much on point. So all the eliminations are about the add-ons and qualifiers. Can we match up anything from the passage with "the inherent contradictions of preserving oral forms in writing"? The only pushback to this endeavor comes at the start of the final paragraph, but they aren't saying, "Why are you guys trying to teach traditional languages in written form? Don't you find it contradictory to write down something oral?" They are saying, "Why are you guys bothering to write down traditional languages? Isn't that unnecessary? Haven't they been transmitted orally since their origins?" The debate in the final paragraph isn't about whether or not it's inherently dumb to write down something oral. The debate is about whether the oral tradition is still alive and well enough to dependably carry on the traditional language.

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