Logical Reasoning

PT105 · S2 · Q2 A director of the Rexx Pharmaceutical

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A director of the Rexx Pharmaceutical Company argued that the development costs for new vaccines that the health department has requested should be subsidized by the government, since the marketing of vaccines promised to be less profitable than the marketing of any other pharmaceutical product.

Conclusion

The development costs for new vaccines the health department requested should be subsidized by the government.

Intermediate Conclusion

The marketing of vaccines will be less profitable than the marketing of any other drug.

Evidence

Sales of vaccines are likely to be lower since each vaccine is only given once, whereas other drugs are administered many times (so that the drug manufacturer has more opportunities to make back their R&D costs)

Evaluate

The question stem isn't a typical Weaken stem; it's asking us to Weaken the intermediate conclusion. We can still use our normal Weaken mindset:

Given That vaccines are only administered once, whereas other drugs are administered multiple times

How Can We Argue That the marketing of the vaccine could be as profitable as that of other drugs?

Maybe this is an atypical vaccine (like the coronavirus or flu vaccine, potentially) where people will need to get it every year, or maybe even more frequently than that.

Maybe this vaccine will cost a lot more money for patients / insurance companies than do most vaccines (so that even though the drug company only gets one blip of revenue, it's a big blip!)

Maybe this vaccine is so desperately needed that almost everyone is going to buy it, whereas these other drugs that get administered multiple times are only sought after by a small audience.

A million one-time purchases might be more revenue than 10,000 recurring purchases.

Goal

Because the author's argument is comparative, in order to break out of her logic, we probably need to highlight a meaningful difference between this vaccine and other vaccines, or between this one-time vaccine and other drugs, which are given multiple times.

2.

Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the support offered by the company director for the claim concerning the marketing of vaccines?

  1. Correct

    Vaccines are administered to many

    Why this is right

    This by no means proves that the vaccine will be as profitable, but it creates a way to push back on her logic. The author points out a negative difference, when it comes to revenue, between a vaccine and other drugs: vaccine only gets given once / other drugs are given many times. This answer points out a positive difference, when it comes to revenue, between a vaccine and other drugs: the vaccine will be given to many more people than most other drugs are given to. It might be that a one-time vaccine given to 100 million people makes as much money as a many-time drug given to the small subset of the population that has the condition that drug treats.

    Skill tested: Weaken · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    83% picked this

  2. Many of the diseases that

    Strengthens

    This actually makes it seem like people wouldn't even need to get the vaccines, since the diseases they protect from can be effectively treated by medicine.

    4% picked this

  3. Pharmaceutical companies occasionally market products

    No Impact

    It should be a RED ALERT whenever you see soft, wishy-washy language like "sometimes, occasionally, can, may, might, not all, not always" on questions like Weaken, Strengthen, and Paradox (all of which ask for the answer that does the most). Stuff besides drugs and vaccines are just out of scope for this conversation.

    2% picked this

  4. Pharmaceutical companies other than the

    Strengthens

    This means that Rexx will not have the monopoly on this vaccine. People can get the vaccine from many different companies, which makes it seem less likely that the vaccine will be a big-money maker for Rexx.

    2% picked this

  5. The cost of administering a

    Too Weak

    We never got the impression that the author was concerned about the cost of administering the vaccine. Yes, if we're trying to argue that profitability from the vaccine could be higher than she's thinking, this answer moves in the right direction (you'll rarely have this cost to worry about). But since it wasn't clear that the author was ever thinking that Rexx would be paying for the cost of administering a vaccine, this doesn't seem to change her thinking in any way. The key mental hurdle for the author was "one-time vs. many-time" administration, not about "who pays for the cost of administration".

    10% picked this

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