After thirty years of investigation into cell genetics, researchers made startling discoveries in the 1960s and early 1970s which culminated in the development of processes, collectively known as recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) technology, for the active manipulation of a cell’s genetic code.
Topic
The benefits and risks of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology
Framework
Present Debate
Main Point
The passage presents the promise of rDNA technology for medicine, industry, and agriculture, while also detailing scientific, ecological, and ethical risks that critics fear. (The core of the debate is especially clear in the last two paragraphs, where critics’ concerns are contrasted with proponents’ optimism.)
P1: Introduction to rDNA Technology
After decades of research, scientists in the 1960s-70s developed rDNA technology, which lets them actively change a cell’s genetic code. This caused both excitement and controversy because it gives humans the power to alter DNA.
P2: How rDNA Works
The passage explains, in straightforward terms, that scientists can now transfer pieces of DNA between organisms—essentially “cutting and pasting” genes to create new, custom organisms.
P3: Medical and Pharmaceutical Promise
Fans of rDNA believe it will lead to cures for major diseases and open up deeper knowledge of genetics. Pharmaceutical companies are especially interested, hoping for revolutionary new drugs created by genetically engineered microbes, and some products are already in the pipeline.