Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT23 S4 P4 Q23 Explanation

Preserving Ethnic Identity

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsLocal PurposeSociety

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Passage

Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character, the new scholarship has recent trend; it also exemplifies a problem that is common to such scholarship.

In comparing the first three generations of Japanese Americans (the Issei, Nisei, and Sansei), Fugita and O’Brien conclude that assimilation to United States culture increased among Japanese Americans over three generations, but that a sense of ethnic community endured. Although the persistence of community is stressed by the authors, their emphasis in and O’Brien themselves acknowledge that there has been a “weakening of Japanese American ethnic community life.”

Because of the social changes weakening the bonds of community, Fugita and O’Brien maintain that the community cohesion of Japanese Americans is notable not for its initial intensity but because “there remains a degree of involvement in the ethnic community surpassing that found in most other ethnic groups at similar points in sense of “peoplehood.” They argue that this sense of peoplehood extended beyond local and family ties.

Fugita and O’Brien’s hypothesis illustrates a common problem in studies that investigate the history of ethnic community. Like historians who have studied European ethnic cultures in the United States, Fugita and O’Brien have explained persistence of ethnic community by citing a preexisting sense of national consciousness that is independent of how a that have adapted to United States culture and been exposed to the pluralism of American life.

What this question is testing

Local Purpose

Your task

Identify why the author included the referenced detail at that point in the passage — its function, not its content.

Common trap

Answers that merely repeat or summarize the topic of the detail instead of describing the role it plays.

Winning move

Ask what job the detail does for the paragraph, then for the passage's broader point.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
23.

The author of the passage quotes Fugita and O’Brien in the highlighted section most probably

Answer choices

  1. Wrong Target for Objection6% picked this

    point out a weakness in their hypothesis about the strength of community ties

    The author points out the weakness in the 4th paragraph. We can't say that quote is brought up in order to point out a weakness because the quote itself doesn't point to the weakness. Our author isn't objecting to the claim that Japanese Americans retained a stronger-than-average sense of community. Our author objects to the causal explanation that it's a preexisting sense of "peoplehood". She's like, "That's a cop out, guys. It's hard to prove that they have more peoplehood than any other ethnic group. Do your job and figure out which specific factors are helping to sustain their community's cohesion more than average."

  2. Correct64% picked this

    show how they support their claim about the notability of community cohesion

    Why this is right

    It's hard to argue with this answer. It's lovable because it reinforces language in the claim that comes right before the detail (that's how 85% of Local Purpose correct answers work). And it's basically just giving us wording from that previous claim verbatim. It's not even doing the normal trick of complicating it with synonyms. This answer says that it's supporting their claim about the notability of community cohesion of Japanese Americans. Right before the quote it says: "Fugita and O'Brien maintain that the community cohesion of Japanese Americans is notable not for its initial intensity but because [quote]".

    Skill tested: Local Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  3. Wrong Paragraph3% picked this

    indicate how they demonstrate the high degree of adaptation of Japanese Americans to

    The 2nd paragraph is stressing how the Japanese Americans adapted / assimilated to U.S. culture. The 3rd paragraph, and the quote we're being asked about, is stressing how they nevertheless retained a strong sense of ethnic identity and cohesion.

  4. Wrong Objection: inaccurate comparison3% picked this

    suggest that they have inaccurately compared Japanese Americans to other ethnic groups in

    The author never suggests that this quote is wrong, in terms of its comparison between the ethnic cohesion of Japanese Americans and that of other ethnic groups.

  5. Wrong Role24% picked this

    emphasize their contention that the Japanese American sense of peoplehood extended beyond local

    Although the end of the 3rd paragraph does mention that the "sense of peoplehood extended beyond local and family ties", this quote isn't emphasizing that peoplehood went beyond local and family ties. It's emphasizing that the Japanese Americans are more involved in their own ethnic community than are other immigrants at a similar spot in their life cycle of assimilating into the U.S.

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