Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Hard

PT153 S2 Q22 Explanation

Critic: Almost all of the paintings

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsNecessary Assumption

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Stimulus

Critic: Almost all of the paintings from our cityʼs art movement share two characteristics: bold brushwork and a sharp contrast of light and shadow. The only ones that do not share these characteristics are abstract paintings, which—because they are nonrepresentational—do not depict light or shadow. However, the most famous painting from our brushwork, it does not exhibit a sharp contrast of light and shadow.

What this question is testing

Necessary Assumption

Your task

Find the assumption the argument requires in order for its conclusion to hold.

Common trap

Answers that would help the argument but aren't strictly required (sufficient, not necessary).

Winning move

Negate each choice — the right one breaks the argument when negated.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
22.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the

Answer choices

  1. Opposite15% picked this

    In spite of its title, Blue Irises

    First off, "in spite of its title" is hilarious. What was the test writer even thinking adding that sly aside? The author is assuming that Blue Irises is not nonrepresentational / abstract.

  2. Too Strong: any at all4% picked this

    Blue Irises does not depict any shadows

    The author has already done her job establishing that Blue Irises doesn't have sharp contrast between light and shadow. That's the characteristic relevant to the argument. From there, it's immaterial whether Blue Irises uses some shadow, no shadow, lots of shadow. All of those are compatible with lacking a sharp contrast.

  3. Correct68% picked this

    Blue Irises is not an abstract

    Why this is right

    If we negate this, we get an objection, which means (per the Negation Test), that this is a correct answer. If Blue Irises is an abstract painting, then it might be considered part of the city's art movement. Blue Irises doesn't have both of the customary traits of the movement, but some abstract paintings are in the movement, even though they don't have both of those typical traits. If Blue Irises is an abstract painting then it might be one of those abstract painting in the movement.

    Skill tested: Necessary Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Too Strong: All / ever4% picked this

    All of the nonrepresentational paintings ever produced in the critic?s city

    Talking about "a movement" implies a trend, a phenomenon that has not always existed. The author's argument is only about whether or not a certain painting is or isn't in this movement. She doesn't need to assume anything about other paintings, nor other time periods extending infinitely back in time.

  5. Too Strong: All8% picked this

    All of the paintings from the critic?s city with a sharp contrast of light and shadow emerged from

    The author is saying that "almost all" the paintings in the movement have sharp contrast. This is accusing her of thinking that "every painting in the city that has sharp contrast is part of the movement.

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